- Individual recovery expectations and prognosis of outcomes in non‐specific low back pain: prognostic factor review
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Nov-2019
Low back pain is costly and disabling. Prognostic factor evidence can help healthcare providers and patients understand likely prognosis, inform the development of prediction models to identify subgroups, and may inform new treatment strategies. Recent st - Individual‐, family‐, and school‐level interventions targeting multiple risk behaviours in young people
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Oct-2018
Engagement in multiple risk behaviours can have adverse consequences for health during childhood, during adolescence, and later in life, yet little is known about the impact of different types of interventions that target multiple risk behaviours in child - Individualised gonadotropin dose selection using markers of ovarian reserve for women undergoing in vitro fertilisation plus intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI)
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 31-Jan-2018
During a cycle of in vitro fertilisation plus intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI), women receive daily doses of gonadotropin follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) to induce multifollicular development in the ovaries. Generally, the dose of FSH is ass - Individualized versus standard diet fortification for growth and development in preterm infants receiving human milk
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
Human milk as compared to formula reduces morbidity in preterm infants but requires fortification to meet their nutritional needs and to reduce the risk of extrauterine growth failure. Standard fortification methods are not individualized to the infant an - Indocyanine green angiography for preventing postoperative mastectomy skin flap necrosis in immediate breast reconstruction
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Apr-2020
Breast cancer will affect one in eight women during their lifetime. The opportunity to restore the removed tissue and cosmetic appearance is provided by reconstructive breast surgery following skin-sparing mastectomy (SSM). Mastectomy skin flap necrosis ( - Indomethacin for Alzheimer's disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-May-2008
Inflammatory processes involving cytokines, prostaglandins, free radicals and glial cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as indomethacin attenuate inflammatory reactions. Hence, - Indomethacin for asymptomatic patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Feb-2009
Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA remains a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in premature infants. Indomethacin is an effective treatment to close a PDA, and has been used for many years with several treatment regimes, including prophylactic use i - Indomethacin for intracranial hypertension secondary to severe traumatic brain injury in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Nov-2019
Among people who have suffered a traumatic brain injury, increased intracranial pressure continues to be a major cause of early death; it is estimated that about 11 people per 100 with traumatic brain injury die. - Indomethacin for symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
Symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is associated with mortality and morbidity in preterm infants. In these infants, prophylactic use of indomethacin, a non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor, has demonstrated short-term clinical benefits. The effe - Indoor air modification interventions for prolonged non‐specific cough in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Jan-2009
Non-specific cough has been defined as non-productive cough in the absence of identifiable respiratory disease or known aetiology and is common in childhood. These children are treated with a variety of therapies, including non-pharmacological treatments. - Indoor residual spraying for preventing malaria
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Apr-2010
Primary malaria prevention on a large scale depends on two vector control interventions: indoor residual spraying (IRS) and insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITNs). Historically, IRS has reduced malaria transmission in many settings in the world, but the - Indoor residual spraying for preventing malaria in communities using insecticide‐treated nets
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Aug-2019
Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) are used to control malaria vectors. Both strategies use insecticides to kill mosquitoes that bite and rest indoors. For ITNs, the World Health Organization (WHO) only recommended pyrethro - Indoor salt water baths followed by artificial ultraviolet B light for chronic plaque psoriasis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
Chronic plaque psoriasis is an immune-mediated, chronic, inflammatory skin disease, which can impair quality of life and social interaction. Disease severity can be classified by the psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) score ranging from 0 to 72 poin - Induction immunosuppression in adults undergoing liver transplantation: a network meta‐analysis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Jan-2020
Liver transplantation is considered the definitive treatment for people with liver failure. As part of post-liver transplantation management, immunosuppression (suppressing the host immunity) is given to prevent graft rejections. Immunosuppressive drugs c - Induction of labour at or beyond 37 weeks' gestation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
Risks of stillbirth or neonatal death increase as gestation continues beyond term (around 40 weeks' gestation). It is unclear whether a policy of labour induction can reduce these risks. This Cochrane Review is an update of a review that was originally pu - Induction of labour at or near term for suspected fetal macrosomia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-May-2016
Women with a suspected large-for-dates fetus or a fetus with suspected macrosomia (birthweight greater than 4000 g) are at risk of operative birth or caesarean section. The baby is also at increased risk of shoulder dystocia and trauma, in particular frac - Indwelling bladder catheterisation as part of intraoperative and postoperative care for caesarean section
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Apr-2014
Caesarean section (CS) is the most common obstetric surgical procedure, with more than one-third of pregnant women having lower-segment CS. Bladder evacuation is carried out as a preoperative procedure prior to CS. Emerging evidence suggests that omitting - Infant formulas containing hydrolysed protein for prevention of allergic disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Oct-2018
Infant formulas containing hydrolysed proteins have been widely advocated for preventing allergic disease in infants, in place of standard cow’s milk formula (CMF). However, it is unclear whether the clinical trial evidence supports this. - Infant pacifiers for reduction in risk of sudden infant death syndrome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Mar-2017
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) has been most recently defined as the sudden unexpected death of an infant less than one year of age, with onset of the fatal episode apparently occurring during sleep, that remains unexplained after a thorough investig - Infant position in neonates receiving mechanical ventilation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Nov-2016
In patients of various ages undergoing mechanical ventilation (MV), it has been observed that positions other than the standard supine position, such as the prone position, may improve respiratory parameters. The benefits of these positions have not been
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