- Incentives for preventing smoking in children and adolescents
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Dec-2018
Adult smoking usually has its roots in adolescence. If individuals do not take up smoking during this period it is unlikely that they ever will. Further, once smoking becomes established, cessation is challenging; the probability of subsequently quitting - Incentives for smoking cessation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Jun-2019
Financial incentives, monetary or vouchers, are widely used in an attempt to precipitate, reinforce and sustain behaviour change, including smoking cessation. They have been used in workplaces, in clinics and hospitals, and within community programmes. - Incision and drainage of perianal abscess with or without treatment of anal fistula
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Jun-2010
The perianal abscess is a common surgical problem. A third of perianal abscesses may manifest a fistula-in-ano which increases the risk of abscess recurrence requiring repeat surgical drainage. Treating the fistula at the same time as incision and drainag - Increased consumption of fruit and vegetables for the primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-May-2013
There is increasing evidence that high consumption of fruit and vegetables is beneficial for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention. - Increased energy intake for preterm infants with (or developing) bronchopulmonary dysplasia/chronic lung disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-May-2013
Preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)/chronic lung disease (CLD) have nutritional deficits that may contribute to short and long term morbidity and mortality. Increasing the daily energy intake for these infants may improve their respirato - Increased police patrols for preventing alcohol-impaired driving
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Aug-2008
Road traffic injuries cause 1.2 million deaths worldwide each year. Alcohol consumption increases the risk of traffic crashes, especially fatal crashes. Increased police patrols aim to increase both the perceived and actual likelihood of being caught driv - Increased versus stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids for exacerbations of chronic asthma in adults and children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-May-2016
People with asthma may experience exacerbations or "attacks" during which their symptoms worsen and additional treatment is required. Written action plans may advocate doubling the dose of inhaled steroids in the early stages of an asthma exacerbation to - Increasing antipsychotic dose for non response in schizophrenia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-May-2018
Many people with schizophrenia do not reach a satisfactory clinical response with a standard dose of an initially prescribed antipsychotic drug. In such cases, clinicians face the dilemma of increasing the antipsychotic dose in order to enhance antipsycho - Increasing antipsychotic dose versus switching antipsychotic for non response in schizophrenia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-May-2018
Many people with schizophrenia do not respond to an initially prescribed antipsychotic drug. In such cases, one treatment strategy could be to increase the antipsychotic dose; and another strategy could be to switch to a different antipsychotic drug. - Indacaterol, a once-daily beta2-agonist, versus twice-daily beta2-agonists or placebo for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Mar-2017
Indacaterol is an inhaled long-acting beta2-agonist that is administered once daily and has been investigated as a treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Four different doses have been investigated (75 mcg, 150 mcg, 300 mcg and 600 mc - Independent living programmes for improving outcomes for young people leaving the care system
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Nov-2008
Independent living programmes (ILPs) are designed to provide young people leaving care with skills that will limit their disadvantage and aid in their successful transition into adulthood. Programmes focus on personal development, independent living skill - Indigenous healthcare worker involvement for Indigenous adults and children with asthma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Jun-2011
Asthma education is regarded as an important step in the management of asthma in national guidelines. Racial, ethnicity and socio-economic factors are associated with markers of asthma severity, including recurrent acute presentations to emergency health - Individual and group based parenting programmes for improving psychosocial outcomes for teenage parents and their children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-May-2012
Parenting programmes are a potentially important means of supporting teenage parents and improving outcomes for their children, and parenting support is a priority across most Western countries. This review updates the previous version published in 2001. - Individual and group-based parenting programmes for the treatment of physical child abuse and neglect
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Aug-2008
Child physical abuse and neglect are important public health problems for which there are currently few effective treatments. Many of the risk factors for child abuse and neglect are not amenable to change in the short term. Intervening to change parentin - Individual behavioural counselling for smoking cessation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Mar-2018
Individual counselling from a smoking cessation specialist may help smokers to make a successful attempt to stop smoking. - Individual or group antenatal education for childbirth or parenthood, or both
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Aug-2011
Structured antenatal education programs for childbirth or parenthood, or both, are commonly recommended for pregnant women and their partners by healthcare professionals in many parts of the world. Such programs are usually offered to groups but may be of - Individual patient education for low back pain
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Jan-2011
While many different types of patient education are widely used, the effect of individual patient education for low-back pain (LBP) has not yet been systematically reviewed. - Individual patient education for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Nov-2008
Type 2 diabetes is a common and costly chronic disease which is associated with significant premature mortality and morbidity. Although patient education is an integral component of diabetes care, there remain uncertainties regarding the effectiveness of - Individual psychodynamic psychotherapy and psychoanalysis for schizophrenia and severe mental illness
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Jan-2012
People with schizophrenia and severe mental illness may require considerable support from health care professionals, in most cases over a long period of time. Research on the effects of psychotherapy for schizophrenia has shown mixed results. Although pha - Individual psychological therapy in the outpatient treatment of adults with anorexia nervosa
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Feb-2018
Anorexia nervosa is a disorder with high morbidity and significant mortality. It is most common in young adult women, in whom the incidence may be increasing. The focus of treatment has moved to an outpatient setting, and a number of differing psychologic
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