- Exposure to the smell and taste of milk to accelerate feeding in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Jul-2019
Preterm infants are often unable to co-ordinate sucking, swallowing and breathing for oral feeding because of their immaturity; in such cases, initial nutrition is provided by orogastric or nasogastric tube feeding. Feed intolerance is common and can dela - Extended lymph node resection versus standard resection for pancreatic and periampullary adenocarcinoma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Jan-2021
Pancreatic and periampullary adenocarcinomas account for some of the most aggressive malignancies, and the leading causes of cancer-related mortalities. Partial pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) with negative resection margins is the only potentially curative - Extended peginterferon plus ribavirin treatment for 72 weeks versus standard peginterferon plus ribavirin treatment for 48 weeks in chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 infected slow-responder adult patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Aug-2012
The standard length of peginterferon plus ribavirin treatment for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 infected patients is 48 weeks. However, the number of patients demonstrating a sustained virological response is not high. In order to improve sus - Extended versus standard lymph node dissection for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder in patients undergoing radical cystectomy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-May-2019
In the treatment of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder, we are currently uncertain of the benefits and harms of standard pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) compared to extended PLND. - Extended‐field radiotherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Oct-2018
The para-aortic lymph nodes (located along the major vessels in the mid and upper abdomen) are a common place for disease recurrence after treatment for locally advanced cervical cancer. The para-aortic area is not covered by standard pelvic radiotherapy - Extended‐release methylphenidate for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Feb-2022
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a psychiatric diagnosis increasingly used in adults. The recommended first-line pharmacological treatment is central nervous system (CNS) stimulants, such as methylphenidate, but uncertainty remains about - Extent of lymph node dissection for adenocarcinoma of the stomach
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Aug-2015
The impact of lymphadenectomy extent on the survival of patients with primary resectable gastric carcinoma is debated. - External beam radiation dose escalation for high grade glioma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-May-2020
This is an updated version of the original Cochrane Review published in Issue 8, 2016. - External beam radiotherapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Mar-2017
Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common liver neoplasm, the sixth most common cancer worldwide, and the third most common cause of cancer mortality. Moreover, its incidence has increased dramatically in the past decade. While surgical resection and li - External cephalic version for breech presentation at term
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Apr-2015
Management of breech presentation is controversial, particularly in regard to manipulation of the position of the fetus by external cephalic version (ECV). ECV may reduce the number of breech presentations and caesarean sections, but there also have been - External cephalic version for breech presentation before term
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Jul-2015
External cephalic version (ECV) of the breech fetus at term (after 37 weeks) has been shown to be effective in reducing the number of breech presentations and caesarean sections, but the rates of success are relatively low. This review examines studies in - External counterpulsation for acute ischaemic stroke
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Nov-2011
External counterpulsation (ECP) may improve cerebral blood flow, and it has been proposed as a potential therapy for patients with ischaemic stroke. - External drains versus no drains after burr‐hole evacuation for the treatment of chronic subdural haematoma in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 31-Aug-2016
Chronic subdural haematoma (CSDH) is one of the most common types of intracranial haematoma, and often occurs in older people. Burr-hole craniostomy, which is an evacuation through one or two burr holes drilled over the site of the haematoma, has been wid - External fixation versus conservative treatment for distal radial fractures in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Jul-2007
Fracture of the distal radius ('broken wrist') is a common clinical problem. It can be treated conservatively, usually involving wrist immobilisation in a plaster cast, or surgically. A key method of surgical fixation is external fixation. - External inspection of compliance with standards for improved healthcare outcomes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Dec-2016
Inspection systems are used in healthcare to promote quality improvements (i.e. to achieve changes in organisational structures or processes, healthcare provider behaviour and patient outcomes). These systems are based on the assumption that externally pr - Extra fluids for breastfeeding mothers for increasing milk production
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-May-2014
Breastfeeding is known to be the biological norm. Despite this, many women wean their babies because of perceived insufficient breast milk production. Mothers are sometimes advised to increase their fluid intake in the hope that this could improve breast - Extra‐abdominal versus intra‐abdominal repair of the uterine incision at caesarean section
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Oct-2004
Different techniques have been described to reduce morbidity during caesarean section. After the baby has been born by caesarean section and the placenta has been extracted, temporary removal of the uterus from the abdominal cavity (exteriorisation of the - Extra‐amniotic prostaglandin for induction of labour
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Apr-2001
This is one of a series of reviews of methods of cervical ripening and labour induction using standardised methodology. - Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for critically ill adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Jan-2015
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a form of life support that targets the heart and lungs. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe respiratory failure accesses and returns blood from the venous system and provides non-pulmonary gas exch - Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe respiratory failure in newborn infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-May-2008
Neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a complex procedure of life support used in severe but potentially reversible respiratory failure in term infants. Although the number of babies eligible for ECMO is small and the use of ECMO invasive
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