- External counterpulsation for acute ischaemic stroke
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Nov-2011
External counterpulsation (ECP) may improve cerebral blood flow, and it has been proposed as a potential therapy for patients with ischaemic stroke. - External drains versus no drains after burr‐hole evacuation for the treatment of chronic subdural haematoma in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 31-Aug-2016
Chronic subdural haematoma (CSDH) is one of the most common types of intracranial haematoma, and often occurs in older people. Burr-hole craniostomy, which is an evacuation through one or two burr holes drilled over the site of the haematoma, has been wid - External fixation versus conservative treatment for distal radial fractures in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Jul-2007
Fracture of the distal radius ('broken wrist') is a common clinical problem. It can be treated conservatively, usually involving wrist immobilisation in a plaster cast, or surgically. A key method of surgical fixation is external fixation. - External inspection of compliance with standards for improved healthcare outcomes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Dec-2016
Inspection systems are used in healthcare to promote quality improvements (i.e. to achieve changes in organisational structures or processes, healthcare provider behaviour and patient outcomes). These systems are based on the assumption that externally pr - Extra fluids for breastfeeding mothers for increasing milk production
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-May-2014
Breastfeeding is known to be the biological norm. Despite this, many women wean their babies because of perceived insufficient breast milk production. Mothers are sometimes advised to increase their fluid intake in the hope that this could improve breast - Extra‐abdominal versus intra‐abdominal repair of the uterine incision at caesarean section
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Oct-2004
Different techniques have been described to reduce morbidity during caesarean section. After the baby has been born by caesarean section and the placenta has been extracted, temporary removal of the uterus from the abdominal cavity (exteriorisation of the - Extra‐amniotic prostaglandin for induction of labour
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Apr-2001
This is one of a series of reviews of methods of cervical ripening and labour induction using standardised methodology. - Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for critically ill adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Jan-2015
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a form of life support that targets the heart and lungs. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe respiratory failure accesses and returns blood from the venous system and provides non-pulmonary gas exch - Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe respiratory failure in newborn infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-May-2008
Neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a complex procedure of life support used in severe but potentially reversible respiratory failure in term infants. Although the number of babies eligible for ECMO is small and the use of ECMO invasive - Extracorporeal photopheresis versus alternative treatment for chronic graft‐versus‐host disease after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children and adolescents
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Jun-2022
Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGvHD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, occurring in 6% to 65% of the paediatric recipients. Currently, the therapeutic mainstay for cGvHD is treatment with cort - Extracorporeal photopheresis versus standard treatment for acute graft‐versus‐host disease after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children and adolescents
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Sep-2022
Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), occurring in 8% to 85% of paediatric recipients. Currently, the therapeutic mainstay for aGvHD is treatment with cor - Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) versus percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) or retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) for kidney stones
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Nov-2014
Stones in the urinary tract are a common medical problem in the general population. At present, the great expansion in minimally invasive techniques has led to the decrease in open surgery. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) has been introduced - Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) versus ureteroscopic management for ureteric calculi
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-May-2012
Ureteral stones frequently cause renal colic, and if left untreated, can lead to obstructive uropathy. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) and ureteroscopy, with or without intracorporeal lithotripsy, are the most common interventions used to tre - Extracorporeal shock wave therapy for the healing and management of venous leg ulcers
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Jun-2018
Leg ulcers are chronic wounds of the lower leg, caused by poor blood flow, that can take a long time to heal. The pooling of blood in the veins can damage the skin and surrounding tissues, causing an ulcer to form. Venous leg ulcers are associated with im - Extracranial‐intracranial arterial bypass surgery for occlusive carotid artery disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Feb-2010
The EC/IC Bypass Study Group found no benefit of extracranial to intracranial (EC/IC) bypass surgery over medical therapy in patients with symptomatic carotid artery occlusion (sCAO). However, the study was criticised for many reasons and the real effect - Extraction of primary (baby) teeth for unerupted palatally displaced permanent canine teeth in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Mar-2018
The permanent canine tooth in the maxillary (upper) jaw sometimes does not erupt into the mouth correctly. In about 1% to 3% of the population these teeth will be diverted into the roof of the mouth (palatally). It has been suggested that if the primary c - Extramedullary fixation implants and external fixators for extracapsular hip fractures in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Feb-2013
Extramedullary fixation of hip fractures involves the application of a plate and screws to the lateral side of the proximal femur. In external fixators, the stabilising component is held outside the thigh by pins or screws driven into the bone. This is an - Extubation from low‐rate intermittent positive airway pressure versus extubation after a trial of endotracheal continuous positive airway pressure in intubated preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Oct-2001
Failure of extubation and subsequent reintubation may result in additional stress and trauma to the premature infant. Treating infants about to be extubated with a period of endotracheal CPAP has been suggested as a method of preparing for extubation. How - Ezetimibe for the prevention of cardiovascular disease and all‐cause mortality events
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Nov-2018
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains an important cause of mortality and morbidity, and high levels of blood cholesterol are thought to be the major modifiable risk factors for CVD. The use of statins is the preferred treatment strategy for the prevention - Face washing promotion for preventing active trachoma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Feb-2015
Trachoma remains a major cause of avoidable blindness among underprivileged populations in many developing countries. It is estimated that about 146 million people have active trachoma and nearly six million people are blind due to complications associate
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