- EMLA and Amethocaine for reduction of children's pain associated with needle insertion
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Jun-2019
Children often experience pain from needle insertion procedures; therefore, several topical anaesthetics have been developed. - Emollients and moisturisers for eczema
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Aug-2017
Eczema is a chronic skin disease characterised by dry skin, intense itching, inflammatory skin lesions, and has a considerable impact on quality of life. Moisturisation is an integral part of treatment, but it is unclear if moisturisers are effective. - Empiric antibiotic coverage of atypical pathogens for community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Jul-2012
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is caused by various pathogens, traditionally divided into 'typical' and 'atypical'. Initial antibiotic treatment of CAP is usually empirical, customarily covering both typical and atypical pathogens. To date, no suffici - Endodontic procedures for retreatment of periapical lesions
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Dec-2016
When primary root canal therapy fails, periapical lesions can be retreated with or without surgery. Root canal retreatment is a non-surgical procedure that involves removal of root canal filling materials from the tooth, followed by cleaning, shaping and - End-of-life care pathways for improving outcomes in caring for the dying
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Nov-2018
This is an updated version of a Cochrane review published in Issue 11, 2013 in the Cochrane Library. In many clinical areas, integrated care pathways are utilised as structured multidisciplinary care plans that detail essential steps in caring for patient - Endometrial biomarkers for the non-invasive diagnosis of endometriosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Apr-2016
About 10% of reproductive-aged women suffer from endometriosis, which is a costly, chronic disease that causes pelvic pain and subfertility. Laparoscopy is the gold standard diagnostic test for endometriosis, but it is expensive and carries surgical risks - Endometrial injury for pregnancy following sexual intercourse or intrauterine insemination
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Jun-2016
Intentional endometrial injury is currently being proposed as a technique to improve the probability of pregnancy in women undergoing assisted reproductive technologies (ART) such as in vitro fertilisation (IVF). Endometrial injury is often performed by p - Endometrial injury in women undergoing assisted reproductive techniques
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Mar-2015
Implantation of an embryo within the endometrial cavity is a critical step in assisted reproductive techniques (ART). Previous research has suggested that endometrial injury - intentional damage to the endometrium - can increase the probability of pregnan - Endometrial preparation for women undergoing embryo transfer with frozen embryos or embryos derived from donor oocytes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Sep-2010
If a fresh embryo, assisted reproductive technology procedure cycle is unsuccessful and there are frozen embryos available, a frozen-thawed embryo transfer is performed. In some specific cases women may undergo oocyte donation treatment. In both situation - Endometrial resection and ablation techniques for heavy menstrual bleeding
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Jan-2019
Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) is a significant health problem in premenopausal women; it can reduce their quality of life and can cause social disruption and physical problems such as iron deficiency anaemia. First-line treatment has traditionally consis - Endometrial resection and ablation versus hysterectomy for heavy menstrual bleeding
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Aug-2019
Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) is an important cause of ill health in women of reproductive age, causing them physical problems, social disruption and reducing their quality of life. Medical therapy has traditionally been first-line therapy. Surgical trea - Endonasal versus external dacryocystorhinostomy for nasolacrimal duct obstruction
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Feb-2017
A dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) procedure aims to restore drainage of tears by bypassing a blockage in the nasolacrimal duct, through the creation of a bony ostium that allows communication between the lacrimal sac and the nasal cavity. It can be performed - Endoscopic balloon sphincter dilation (sphincteroplasty) versus sphincterotomy for common bile duct stones
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Oct-2008
Endoscopic balloon dilation was introduced as an alternative to endoscopic sphincterotomy to preserve the sphincter of Oddi and avoid undesirable effects due to an incompetent sphincter. Endoscopic balloon dilation has been largely abandoned by USA endosc - Endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation (ECP) for open angle glaucoma and primary angle closure
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Feb-2019
Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness. A number of minimally invasive surgical techniques have been introduced as a treatment to prevent glaucoma progressing. Among them, endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation (ECP) is a cyclodestructive procedu - Endoscopic injection of cyanoacrylate glue versus other endoscopic procedures for acute bleeding gastric varices in people with portal hypertension
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-May-2015
In people with portal hypertension, gastric varices are less prevalent than oesophageal varices. The risk of bleeding from gastric varices seems to be lower than from oesophageal varices; however, when gastric varices bleed, it is often severe and associa - Endoscopic mucosal resection for early gastric cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Oct-2014
The treatment of early gastric cancer (EGC) using endoscopy, namely endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), has been adopted for about 20 years, but the effectiveness and safety of the modality are still controversial. Furthermore, the risk of bias of trials - Endoscopic or surgical intervention for painful obstructive chronic pancreatitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Feb-2015
Endoscopy and surgery are the treatment modalities of choice for patients with chronic pancreatitis and dilated pancreatic duct (obstructive chronic pancreatitis). Physicians face, without clear consensus, the choice between endoscopy or surgery for this - Endoscopic pneumatic dilation versus botulinum toxin injection in the management of primary achalasia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Nov-2014
Achalasia is an oesophageal motility disorder, of unknown cause, which results in increased lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS) tone and symptoms of difficulty swallowing. Treatments are aimed at reducing the LOS tone. Current endoscopic therapeutic options - Endoscopic release for carpal tunnel syndrome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Jan-2014
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common compressive neuropathy of the upper extremity. It is caused by increased pressure on the median nerve between the transverse carpal ligament and the carpal bones. Surgical treatment consists of the release o - Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography with or without stenting in patients with pancreaticobiliary malignancy, prior to surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Nov-2008
Postoperative morbidity and mortality are high in patients undergoing pancreatico-duodenectomy for malignant pancreatico-biliary stricture. Different approaches have been tried to improve the outcomes, including pre-surgical biliary stenting with endoscop
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