- Efavirenz or nevirapine in three-drug combination therapy with two nucleoside or nucleotide-reverse transcriptase inhibitors for initial treatment of HIV infection in antiretroviral-naïve individuals
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Dec-2016
The advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (ART) has reduced the morbidity and mortality due to HIV infection. The World Health Organization (WHO) ART guidelines focus on three classes of antiretroviral drugs, namely nucleoside or nucleotide rever - Effect of administration of antihelminthics for soil-transmitted helminths during pregnancy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Jun-2015
Helminthiasis is infestation of the human body with parasitic worms and it is estimated to affect 44 million pregnancies, globally, each year. Intestinal helminthiasis (hook worm) is associated with blood loss and decreased supply of nutrients for erythro - Effect of antihypertensive drugs on mortality, morbidity and blood pressure in blacks
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Nov-2008
Black people have a greater prevalence of elevated blood pressure leading to excess morbidity and mortality. - Effect of cocoa on blood pressure
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-May-2017
High blood pressure is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease, contributing to about 50% of cardiovascular events worldwide and 37% of cardiovascular-related deaths in Western populations. Epidemiological studies suggest that cocoa-rich produ - Effect of cyclosporine on blood pressure
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Nov-2009
Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressive agent used for different autoimmune diseases. The official Canadian indications for cyclosporine are solid organ transplantation, bone marrow transplantation, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis and nephritic syndrome (e-C - Effect of early treatment with anti-hypertensive drugs on short and long-term mortality in patients with an acute cardiovascular event
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-May-2010
Acute cardiovascular events represent a therapeutic challenge. Blood pressure lowering drugs are commonly used and recommended in the early phase of these settings. This review analyses randomized controlled trial (RCT) evidence for this approach. - Effect of longer-term modest salt reduction on blood pressure
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Mar-2013
A reduction in salt intake lowers blood pressure (BP) and, thereby, reduces cardiovascular risk. A recent meta-analysis by Graudal implied that salt reduction had adverse effects on hormones and lipids which might mitigate any benefit that occurs with BP - Effect of outpatient pharmacists' non-dispensing roles on patient outcomes and prescribing patterns
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Nov-2010
The roles of pharmacists in patient care have expanded from the traditional tasks of dispensing medications and providing basic medication counseling to working with other health professionals and the public. Multiple reviews have evaluated the impact of - Effect of partograph use on outcomes for women in spontaneous labour at term and their babies
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Aug-2018
The partograph (sometimes known as partogram) is usually a pre-printed paper form on which labour observations are recorded. The aim of the partograph is to provide a pictorial overview of labour, and to alert midwives and obstetricians to deviations in m - Effect of restricted pacifier use in breastfeeding term infants for increasing duration of breastfeeding
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Aug-2016
To successfully initiate and maintain breastfeeding for a longer duration, the World Health Organization's Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding recommends total avoidance of artificial teats or pacifiers for breastfeeding infants. Concerns have been rais - Effect of taurine supplementation on growth and development in preterm or low birth weight infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Oct-2010
Taurine is the most abundant free amino acid in breast milk. Evidence exists that taurine has important roles in intestinal fat absorption, hepatic function, and auditory and visual development in preterm or low birth weight infants. Observational data su - Effect of testing for cancer on cancer- or venous thromboembolism (VTE)-related mortality and morbidity in people with unprovoked VTE
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Nov-2018
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a collective term for two conditions: deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). A proportion of people with VTE have no underlying or immediately predisposing risk factors and the VTE is referred to as unprovo - Effect of the treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus on the development of cognitive impairment and dementia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Jun-2017
Prevention of cognitive impairment and dementia is an important public health goal. Epidemiological evidence shows a relationship between cognitive impairment and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. The risk of dementia increases with duration of disease. This upda - Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping and other strategies to influence placental transfusion at preterm birth on maternal and infant outcomes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Sep-2019
Infants born preterm (before 37 weeks' gestation) have poorer outcomes than infants at term, particularly if born before 32 weeks. Early cord clamping has been standard practice over many years, and enables quick transfer of the infant to neonatal care. D - Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping of term infants on maternal and neonatal outcomes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Dec-2015
Policies for timing of cord clamping vary, with early cord clamping generally carried out in the first 60 seconds after birth, whereas later cord clamping usually involves clamping the umbilical cord more than one minute after the birth or when cord pulsa - Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of home palliative care services for adults with advanced illness and their caregivers
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Mar-2016
Extensive evidence shows that well over 50% of people prefer to be cared for and to die at home provided circumstances allow choice. Despite best efforts and policies, one-third or less of all deaths take place at home in many countries of the world. - Effectiveness and risks of cricoid pressure during rapid sequence induction for endotracheal intubation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Nov-2015
Rapid sequence induction (RSI) for endotracheal intubation is a technique widely used in anaesthesia, emergency and intensive care medicine to secure an airway in patients deemed at risk of pulmonary aspiration. Cricoid pressure is conceptually used to re - Effectiveness and safety of first-line tenofovir + emtricitabine + efavirenz for patients with HIV
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Apr-2012
The current recommended antiretroviral treatment is a highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Although HAART has been associated with improved clinical response to treatment, issues of adherence and viral resistance are major challenges limiting its - Effectiveness and safety of procalcitonin evaluation for reducing mortality in adults with sepsis, severe sepsis or septic shock
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Jan-2019
Serum procalcitonin (PCT) evaluation has been proposed for early diagnosis and accurate staging and to guide decisions regarding patients with sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock, with possible reduction in mortality. - Effectiveness of different nursing handover styles for ensuring continuity of information in hospitalised patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Jun-2014
An accurate handover of clinical information is of great importance to continuity and safety of care. If clinically relevant information is not shared accurately and in a timely manner it may lead to adverse events, delays in treatment and diagnosis, inap
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