Showing 241-260 of 490 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Gastrointestinal 
- Laparoscopic versus open surgery for suspected appendicitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Nov-2018
The removal of the acute appendix is one of the most frequently performed surgical procedures. Open surgery associated with therapeutic efficacy has been the treatment of choice for acute appendicitis. However, in consequence of the evolution of endoscopi
- Laparoscopic versus open surgery in small bowel obstruction
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Feb-2010
Acute intestinal obstruction is one of the most common surgical emergencies. The small bowel obstruction (SBO) is the site of obstruction in most patients (76%) and adhesions are the most common etiology (65%). Laparoscopy in SBO has no clear role yet as
- Laparoscopic versus open total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Apr-2014
Colorectal cancer including rectal cancer is the third most common cause of cancer deaths in the western world. For colon carcinoma, laparoscopic surgery is proven to result in faster postoperative recovery, fewer complications and better cosmetic results
- Laparoscopic versus small‐incision cholecystectomy for patients with symptomatic cholecystolithiasis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Oct-2006
Cholecystectomy is one of the most frequently performed operations. Open cholecystectomy has been the gold standard for over 100 years. Small-incision cholecystectomy is a less frequently used alternative. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was introduced in th
- Laparoscopy for the management of acute lower abdominal pain in women of childbearing age
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-May-2014
This is an updated version of the original review, published in Issue 1, 2011, of The Cochrane Library. Acute lower abdominal pain is common, and making a diagnosis is particularly challenging in premenopausal women, as ovulation and menstruation symptoms
- Late versus early surgical correction for congenital diaphragmatic hernia in newborn infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Oct-2000
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia, although rare (1 per 2-4,000 births), is associated with high mortality and cost. Opinion regarding the timing of surgical repair has gradually shifted from emergent repair to a policy of stabilization using a variety of v
- Laxatives for the management of constipation in people receiving palliative care
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-May-2015
This article describes the second update of a Cochrane review on the effectiveness of laxatives for the management of constipation in people receiving palliative care. Previous versions were published in 2006 and 2010 where we also evaluated trials of met
- Laxatives for the treatment of hemorrhoids.
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Aug-2008
Symptomatic hemorrhoids are a common medical condition, which increase in prevalence in women during pregnancy and postpartum. Although the evidence appears to be inconclusive, narrative reviews and clinical practice guidelines recommend the use of laxati
- Lifestyle interventions for chronic gout
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 31-May-2013
Although lifestyle interventions are commonly recommended in the management of patients with chronic gout, the evidence from trial data for their benefits and safety has not been previously examined in a systematic review.
- Local interventions for the management of alveolar osteitis (dry socket)
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Sep-2022
Alveolar osteitis (dry socket) is a complication of dental extractions more often involving mandibular molar teeth. It is associated with severe pain developing 2 to 3 days postoperatively with or without halitosis, a socket that may be partially or total
- Long‐term effects of weight‐reducing drugs in people with hypertension
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Jan-2021
This is the third update of this review, first published in July 2009. All major guidelines on treatment of hypertension recommend weight loss; anti-obesity drugs may be able to help in this respect.
- Long‐term non‐pharmacological weight loss interventions for adults with prediabetes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Apr-2005
Most persons with prediabetes (impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose) are overweight, and obesity worsens the metabolic and physiologic abnormalities associated with this condition. Prediabetes is an important risk factor for the developm
- Long‐term results of laparoscopic colorectal cancer resection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Apr-2008
Although minimally invasive surgery has been accepted for a variety of disorders, laparoscopic resection of colorectal cancer is performed by few. Concern about oncological radicality and long term outcome has limited the adoption of laparoscopic surgery
- Low glycaemic index or low glycaemic load diets for overweight and obesity
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Nov-2008
Obesity is increasingly prevalent, yet the nutritional management remains contentious. It has been suggested that low glycaemic index or load diets may stimulate greater weight loss than higher glycaemic index or load diets or other weight reduction diets
- Low pressure versus standard pressure pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Mar-2014
A pneumoperitoneum of 12 to 16 mm Hg is used for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Lower pressures are claimed to be safe and effective in decreasing cardiopulmonary complications and pain.
- Management of faecal incontinence and constipation in adults with central neurological diseases
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Jan-2014
People with central neurological disease or injury have a much higher risk of both faecal incontinence and constipation than the general population. There is often a fine line between the two symptoms, with any management intended to ameliorate one riskin
- Mechanical bowel preparation for elective colorectal surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Sep-2011
The presence of bowel contents during colorectal surgery has been related to anastomotic leakage, but the belief that mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) is an efficient agent against leakage and infectious complications is based on observational data and
- Medicinal herbs for hepatitis C virus infection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Oct-2001
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a serious health problem world-wide. Medicinal herbs are increasingly being used for hepatitis C.
- Methods of cystic duct occlusion during laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Sep-2010
During laparoscopic cholecystectomy, it is necessary to occlude the cystic duct permanently. Traditionally, this has been performed through the application of non-absorbable metal clips. Use of absorbable materials to occlude the cystic duct has been sugg
- Methods of decreasing infection to improve outcomes after liver resections
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Oct-2011
Infections cause both morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing liver resection. Various methods have been advocated to decrease the infectious complications after liver resection. We do not know if they are of any benefit to the patient or the healt
