- Effectiveness of posterior decompression techniques compared with conventional laminectomy for lumbar stenosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Feb-2015
The gold standard treatment for symptomatic lumbar stenosis refractory to conservative management is a facet-preserving laminectomy. New techniques of posterior decompression have been developed to preserve spinal integrity and to minimise tissue damage b - Effectiveness of provision of animal‐source foods for supporting optimal growth and development in children 6 to 59 months of age
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-May-2019
Adequate nutrients early in life promote cognitive development and are critical for proper growth and functioning. The effect of individual nutrients consumed through food is often not the same as consuming the same nutrients in supplementary form due to - Effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for reducing parental substance misuse
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
Parental substance use is a substantial public health and safeguarding concern. There have been a number of trials of interventions relating to substance-using parents that have sought to address this risk factor, with potential outcomes for parent and ch - Effectiveness of staffing models in residential, subacute, extended aged care settings on patient and staff outcomes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-May-2011
A key concern for managers and nurse administrators of healthcare settings is staffing. Determining and maintaining an appropriate level and mix of staff is especially problematic for those working in the long-term aged-care sector, where resident needs a - Effectiveness of the Valsalva Manoeuvre for reversion of supraventricular tachycardia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Feb-2015
People with the cardiac arrhythmia supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) frequently present to clinicians in the prehospital and emergency medicine settings. Restoring sinus rhythm by terminating the SVT involves increasing the refractoriness of atrioventric - Effectiveness of tranexamic acid in reducing blood loss during cytoreductive surgery for advanced ovarian cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Jan-2019
Ovarian cancer is the third most common gynaecological cancer worldwide, with an age-standardised incidence rate of 6.1 per 10,000 women. Standard therapy for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) includes a combination of cytoreductive surgery and pla - Effectiveness of vocational rehabilitation intervention on the return to work and employment of persons with multiple sclerosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Nov-2011
Multiple sclerosis is a neurological disease that frequently affects adults of working age, resulting in a range of physical, cognitive and psychosocial deficits that impact on workforce participation. Although, the literature supports vocational rehabili - Effects and safety of periconceptional oral folate supplementation for preventing birth defects
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Dec-2015
It has been reported that neural tube defects (NTD) can be prevented with periconceptional folic acid supplementation. The effects of different doses, forms and schemes of folate supplementation for the prevention of other birth defects and maternal and i - Effects of all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in addition to chemotherapy for adults with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) (non‐acute promyelocytic leukaemia (non‐APL))
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Jul-2018
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is the most common acute leukaemia affecting adults. Most patients diagnosed with AML are at advanced age and present with co-morbidities, so that intensive therapy such as stem cell transplantation (SCT) is impossible to pro - Effects of changes in the pre‐licensure education of health workers on health‐worker supply
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Feb-2009
The current and projected crisis because of a shortage of health workers in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) requires that effective strategies for expanding the numbers of health workers are quickly identified in order to inform action by policyma - Effects of communicating DNA-based disease risk estimates on risk-reducing behaviours
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Sep-2010
There are high expectations regarding the potential for the communication of DNA-based disease risk estimates to motivate behaviour change. - Effects of consumers and health providers working in partnership on health services planning, delivery and evaluation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
Health services have traditionally been developed to focus on specific diseases or medical specialties. Involving consumers as partners in planning, delivering and evaluating health services may lead to services that are person-centred and so better able - Effects of glucocorticoids on radiological progression in rheumatoid arthritis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Sep-2008
Glucocorticoid use in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is widespread. Two Cochrane Reviews have been published examining the short term clinical benefit of low dose glucocorticoids compared to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and demonstrate good short term - Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol, and triglyceride
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
Recent cohort studies show that salt intake below 6 g is associated with increased mortality. These findings have not changed public recommendations to lower salt intake below 6 g, which are based on assumed blood pressure (BP) effects and no side-effects - Effects of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs on postoperative renal function in adults with normal renal function
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Dec-2018
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can play a major role in the management of acute pain in the peri-operative period. However, there are conflicting views on whether NSAIDs are associated with adverse renal effects. - Effects of opioid, hypnotic and sedating medications on sleep‐disordered breathing in adults with obstructive sleep apnoea
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Jul-2015
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder characterised by partial or complete upper airway occlusion during sleep, leading to intermittent cessation (apnoea) or reduction (hypopnoea) of airflow and dips in arterial oxygen saturation durin - Effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on linear growth and other health outcomes among children under five years of age
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
Vitamin D is a secosteroid hormone that is important for its role in calcium homeostasis to maintain skeletal health. Linear growth faltering and stunting remain pervasive indicators of poor nutrition status among infants and children under five years of - Effects of peri‐operative nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs on post‐operative kidney function for adults with normal kidney function
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Nov-2018
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) provide effective analgesia during the post-operative period but can cause acute kidney injury (AKI) when used peri-operatively (at or around the time of surgery). This is an update of a Cochrane review publis - Effects of restricted caffeine intake by mother on fetal, neonatal and pregnancy outcomes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Jun-2015
Maternal caffeine consumption during pregnancy may have adverse effects on fetal, neonatal and maternal outcomes. - Effects of sevoflurane versus other general anaesthesia on emergence agitation in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Sep-2014
Sevoflurane is an inhaled volatile anaesthetic that is widely used in paediatric anaesthetic practice. Since its introduction, postoperative behavioural disturbance known as emergence agitation (EA) or emergence delirium (ED) has been recognized as a prob
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