- Detoxification treatments for opiate dependent adolescents
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Apr-2014
The scientific literature examining effective treatments for opioid dependent adults clearly indicates that pharmacotherapy is a necessary and acceptable component of effective treatments for opioid dependence. Nevertheless, no studies have been published - Development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in people with intermediate hyperglycaemia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Oct-2018
Intermediate hyperglycaemia (IH) is characterised by one or more measurements of elevated blood glucose concentrations, such as impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and elevated glycosylated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). These level - Developmental care for promoting development and preventing morbidity in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Apr-2006
Preterm infants experience a range of morbidity related to the immaturity of their organ systems and to concurrent disease states. There is concern that an unfavourable environment in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) may compound this morbidity. Mo - Device‐modified trabeculectomy for glaucoma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Dec-2015
Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy that leads to vision loss and blindness. It is the second most common cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. The main treatment for glaucoma aims to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) in order to slow or prevent further - Devices and dressings to secure peripheral venous catheters to prevent complications
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Jun-2015
A peripheral venous catheter (PVC) is typically used for short-term delivery of intravascular fluids and medications. It is an essential element of modern medicine and the most frequent invasive procedure performed in hospitals. However, PVCs often fail b - Devices and pressure sources for administration of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) in preterm neonates
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Jan-2008
Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) is used to support preterm infants recently extubated, those experiencing significant apnoea of prematurity and those with respiratory distress soon after birth as an alternative to intubation and ventilat - Devices for preventing percutaneous exposure injuries caused by needles in healthcare personnel
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Nov-2017
Percutaneous exposure injuries from devices used for blood collection or for injections expose healthcare workers to the risk of blood borne infections such as hepatitis B and C, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Safety features such as shields or r - Dexamethasone as an adjuvant to peripheral nerve block
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Nov-2017
Peripheral nerve block (infiltration of local anaesthetic around a nerve) is used for anaesthesia or analgesia. A limitation to its use for postoperative analgesia is that the analgesic effect lasts only a few hours, after which moderate to severe pain at - Dexmedetomidine for the management of awake fibreoptic intubation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Jan-2014
Awake fibreoptic intubation (AFOI) frequently requires sedation, anxiolysis and relief of discomfort without impairing ventilation and depressing cardiovascular function. The goal is to allow the patient to be responsive and co-operative. Medications such - Diacerein for osteoarthritis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Feb-2014
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most prevalent musculoskeletal diseases. There is currently no consensus on what is the best treatment to improve OA symptoms and slow disease progression. Diacerein is an anthraquinone synthesised in 1980 that interferes - Diagnostic accuracy of different imaging modalities following computed tomography (CT) scanning for assessing the resectability with curative intent in pancreatic and periampullary cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Sep-2016
Periampullary cancer includes cancer of the head and neck of the pancreas, cancer of the distal end of the bile duct, cancer of the ampulla of Vater, and cancer of the second part of the duodenum. Surgical resection is the only established potentially cur - Diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) for the preoperative locoregional staging of primary gastric cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Feb-2015
Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is proposed as an accurate diagnostic device for the locoregional staging of gastric cancer, which is crucial to developing a correct therapeutic strategy and ultimately to providing patients with the best chance of cure. Howev - Diagnostic accuracy of laparoscopy following computed tomography (CT) scanning for assessing the resectability with curative intent in pancreatic and periampullary cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Jul-2016
Surgical resection is the only potentially curative treatment for pancreatic and periampullary cancer. A considerable proportion of patients undergo unnecessary laparotomy because of underestimation of the extent of the cancer on computed tomography (CT) - Diagnostic test accuracy and cost‐effectiveness of tests for codeletion of chromosomal arms 1p and 19q in people with glioma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Mar-2022
Complete deletion of both the short arm of chromosome 1 (1p) and the long arm of chromosome 19 (19q), known as 1p/19q codeletion, is a mutation that can occur in gliomas. It occurs in a type of glioma known as oligodendroglioma and its higher grade counte - Diagnostic test accuracy of jolt accentuation for headache in acute meningitis in the emergency setting
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Jun-2020
Meningitis is inflammation of the meninges, the layers that protect the brain and spinal cord. Acute meningitis is an emergent disease that develops over the course of hours to several days. Delay in treatment can lead to serious outcomes. - Diagnostic test accuracy of telehealth assessment for dementia and mild cognitive impairment
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Jul-2021
Many millions of people living with dementia around the world are not diagnosed, which has a negative impact both on their access to care and treatment and on rational service planning. Telehealth - the use of information and communication technology (ICT - Diagnostic tests for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in preschool children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Jul-2018
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a behaviourally diagnosed condition. It is defined by impairments in social communication or the presence of restricted or repetitive behaviours, or both. Diagnosis is made according to existing classification systems. In - Diagnostic tests for oral cancer and potentially malignant disorders in patients presenting with clinically evident lesions
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Jul-2021
Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common form of malignancy of the oral cavity, and is often proceeded by oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD). Early detection of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (oral cancer) can improve survival rates. The c - Dialysate temperature reduction for intradialytic hypotension for people with chronic kidney disease requiring haemodialysis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Jul-2019
Intradialytic hypotension (IDH) is a common complication of haemodialysis (HD), and a risk factor of cardiovascular morbidity and death. Several clinical studies suggested that reduction of dialysate temperature, such as fixed reduction of dialysate tempe - Diaphragm versus diaphragm with spermicides for contraception
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Jan-2003
The diaphragm is usually used with a spermicide. However, some practitioners have suggested that spermicides offer no additional contraceptive protection and have advocated alternative guidelines for the use of diaphragms.
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