Showing 181-200 of 296 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Healthcare management and organization 
- Perioperative alcohol cessation intervention for postoperative complications
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Nov-2018
Risky consumption of alcohol is a global problem. More than 3.3 million deaths annually are associated with risky use of alcohol, and global alcohol consumption continues to increase. People who have high alcohol consumption often require planned and emer
- Perioperative fluid volume optimization following proximal femoral fracture
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Mar-2016
Proximal femoral fracture (PFF) is a common orthopaedic emergency that affects mainly elderly people at high risk of complications. Advanced methods for managing fluid therapy during treatment for PFF are available, but their role in reducing risk is uncl
- Perioperative ketamine for acute postoperative pain
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Jul-2015
Postoperative pain management is often limited by adverse effects such as nausea and vomiting. Adjuvant treatment with an inexpensive opioid-sparing drug such as ketamine may be of value in giving better analgesia with fewer adverse effects.
- Personalised risk communication for informed decision making about taking screening tests
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Jan-2013
There is a trend towards greater patient involvement in healthcare decisions. Although screening is usually perceived as good for the health of the population, there are risks associated with the tests involved. Achieving both adequate involvement of cons
- Pharmaceutical policies: effects of cap and co‐payment on rational use of medicines
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-May-2015
Growing expenditures on prescription medicines represent a major challenge to many health systems. Cap and co-payment policies are intended as an incentive to deter unnecessary or marginal utilisation, and to reduce third-party payer expenditures by shift
- Pharmaceutical policies: effects of financial incentives for prescribers
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Aug-2015
The proportion of total healthcare expenditures spent on drugs has continued to grow in countries of all income categories. Policy-makers are under pressure to control pharmaceutical expenditures without adversely affecting quality of care. Financial ince
- Pharmaceutical policies: effects of restrictions on reimbursement
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Oct-2019
Public policy makers and benefit plan managers need to restrain rising pharmaceutical drug costs while preserving access and optimizing health benefits.
- Pharmacologic Interventions for Pregnant Women Enrolled in Alcohol Treatment
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Jul-2009
Excessive alcohol use during pregnancy has been associated with adverse maternal and neonatal effects. It is therefore important to develop and evaluate effective interventions during this important time in a woman's life. To our knowledge there have been
- Pharyngeal instillation of surfactant before the first breath for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants at risk of respiratory distress syndrome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Feb-2011
Intrapartum pharyngeal instillation of surfactant before the first breath may result in surfactant administration to the infant lung, with the potential benefit of avoiding endotracheal intubation and ventilation, ventilator induced lung injury and bronch
- Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Jan-2023
Viral epidemics or pandemics of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) pose a global threat. Examples are influenza (H1N1) caused by the H1N1pdm09 virus in 2009, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused
- Platelet‐rich‐plasmapheresis for minimising peri‐operative allogeneic blood transfusion
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Mar-2011
Concerns regarding the safety of transfused blood have generated considerable enthusiasm for the use of technologies intended to reduce the use of allogeneic blood (blood from an unrelated donor). Platelet-rich plasmapheresis (PRP) offers an alternative a
- Policy interventions implemented through sporting organisations for promoting healthy behaviour change
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-May-2008
Sporting organisations provide an important setting for health promotion strategies that involve policies, communication of healthy messages and creation of health promoting environments. The introduction of policy interventions within sporting organisati
- Post‐embryo transfer interventions for assisted reproduction technology cycles
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Aug-2014
In women undergoing in vitro fertilisation (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), embryos transferred into the uterine cavity can be expelled due to many factors including uterine peristalsis and contractions, low site of deposition and negati
- Preoperative education for hip or knee replacement
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-May-2014
Hip or knee replacement is a major surgical procedure that can be physically and psychologically stressful for patients. It is hypothesised that education before surgery reduces anxiety and enhances clinically important postoperative outcomes.
- Preoperative fasting for adults to prevent perioperative complications
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Oct-2003
Fasting before general anaesthesia aims to reduce the volume and acidity of stomach contents during surgery, thus reducing the risk of regurgitation/aspiration. Recent guidelines have recommended a shift in fasting policy from the standard 'nil by mouth f
- Preoperative radiotherapy and curative surgery for the management of localised rectal carcinoma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Oct-2018
This is an update of the original review published in 2007.
- Preventive staff-support interventions for health workers
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Apr-2014
Healthcare workers need to be supported to maintain sufficient levels of motivation and productivity, and to prevent the debilitating effects of stress on mental and physical well-being.
- Primary care professionals providing non‐urgent care in hospital emergency departments
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Feb-2018
In many countries emergency departments (EDs) are facing an increase in demand for services, long waits, and severe crowding. One response to mitigate overcrowding has been to provide primary care services alongside or within hospital EDs for patients wit
- Print‐based self‐help interventions for smoking cessation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Jan-2019
Many smokers give up smoking on their own, but materials that provide a structured programme for smokers to follow may increase the number who quit successfully.
- Printed educational materials: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Nov-2008
It is often assumed that merely providing information in an accessible form will influence practice. Although such a strategy is still widely used in an attempt to change behaviour, there is a growing awareness that simply providing information may not le
