Showing 1-20 of 419 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Perinatal and infant 
- Acyclovir for treating varicella in otherwise healthy children and adolescents
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Oct-2005
Acyclovir has the potential to shorten the course of illness which may result in reduced costs and morbidity associated with chickenpox.
- Aerosolized diuretics for preterm infants with (or developing) chronic lung disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Jul-2006
Lung disease in preterm infants is often complicated with lung edema.
- Air versus oxygen for resuscitation of infants at birth
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Apr-2005
100% oxygen is the commonly recommended gas for the resuscitation of infants at birth. There is growing evidence from both animal and human studies that room air is as effective as 100% oxygen and that 100% oxygen may have adverse effects on breathing phy
- Albumin infusion for low serum albumin in preterm newborn infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Apr-2010
Intravenous albumin infusion is used to treat hypoalbuminaemia in critically ill infants. Hypoalbuminaemia occurs in a number of clinical situations including prematurity, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), chronic lung disease (CLD), necrotising entero
- Allopurinol for preventing mortality and morbidity in newborn infants with hypoxic‐ischaemic encephalopathy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Jul-2012
Delayed neuronal death following a perinatal hypoxic insult is due partly to xanthine oxidase-mediated production of cytotoxic free radicals. Evidence exists that allopurinol, a xanthine-oxidase inhibitor, reduces delayed cell death in experimental models
- Alpha‐1 proteinase inhibitor (a1PI) for preventing chronic lung disease in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Jul-2001
Inflammation of the pulmonary parenchyma is one of the important mechanisms implicated in development of chronic lung disease (CLD) in preterm neonates.
- Amnioinfusion for potential or suspected umbilical cord compression in labour
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Jan-2012
Amnioinfusion aims to prevent or relieve umbilical cord compression during labour by infusing a solution into the uterine cavity.
- Animal derived surfactant extract for treatment of respiratory distress syndrome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Apr-2009
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is caused by a deficiency or dysfunction of pulmonary surfactant. A wide variety of surfactant products have been formulated and studied in clinical trials. These include synthetic surfactants and animal derived surfact
- Animal derived surfactant extract versus protein free synthetic surfactant for the prevention and treatment of respiratory distress syndrome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Aug-2015
A wide variety of surfactant preparations have been developed and tested including synthetic surfactants and surfactants derived from animal sources. Although clinical trials have demonstrated that both synthetic surfactant and animal derived surfactant p
- Antenatal breastfeeding education for increasing breastfeeding duration
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Dec-2016
Breast milk is well recognised as the best food source for infants. The impact of antenatal breastfeeding (BF) education on the duration of BF has not been evaluated.
- Antenatal cardiotocography for fetal assessment
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Sep-2015
Cardiotocography (CTG) is a continuous recording of the fetal heart rate obtained via an ultrasound transducer placed on the mother’s abdomen. CTG is widely used in pregnancy as a method of assessing fetal well-being, predominantly in pregnancies with inc
- Antenatal corticosteroids for accelerating fetal lung maturation for women at risk of preterm birth
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Dec-2020
Respiratory morbidity including respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a serious complication of preterm birth and the primary cause of early neonatal mortality and disability. Despite early evidence indicating a beneficial effect of antenatal corticoster
- Antenatal interventions for preventing the transmission of cytomegalovirus (CMV) from the mother to fetus during pregnancy and adverse outcomes in the congenitally infected infant
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Feb-2011
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a herpesvirus and the most common cause of congenital infection in developed countries. Congenital CMV infection can have devastating consequences to the fetus. The high incidence and the serious morbidity associated with congenit
- Antenatal lower genital tract infection screening and treatment programs for preventing preterm delivery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Feb-2015
Genital tract infection is associated with preterm birth (before 37 weeks' gestation). Screening for infections during pregnancy may therefore reduce the numbers of babies being born prematurely. However, screening for infections may have some adverse eff
- Antenatal phenobarbital for reducing neonatal jaundice after red cell isoimmunization
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Apr-2007
Neonates from isoimmunized pregnancies have increased morbidity from neonatal jaundice. The increased bilirubin from haemolysis often needs phototherapy, exchange transfusion or both after birth. Various trials in pregnant women who were not isoimmunized
- Antibiotic prophylaxis during the second and third trimester to reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes and morbidity
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Jun-2015
Several studies have suggested that prophylactic antibiotics given during pregnancy improved maternal and perinatal outcomes, while others have shown no benefit and some have reported adverse effects.
- Antibiotic prophylaxis for operative vaginal delivery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Mar-2020
Vacuum and forceps assisted vaginal deliveries are reported to increase the incidence of postpartum infections and maternal readmission to hospital compared to spontaneous vaginal delivery. Prophylactic antibiotics may be prescribed to prevent these infec
- Antibiotic regimens for management of intraamniotic infection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Jul-2002
Intraamniotic infection is associated with maternal morbidity and neonatal sepsis, pneumonia and death. Although antibiotic treatment is accepted as the standard of care, few studies have been conducted to examine the effectiveness of different antibiotic
- Antibiotic regimens for suspected early neonatal sepsis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Oct-2004
Early acquired infection may cause severe illness or death in the neonatal period. Prompt treatment with antibiotics has shown to reduce mortality. It is not clear which antibiotic regimen is suitable for treatment of presumed early neonatal sepsis.
- Antibiotic regimens for suspected late onset sepsis in newborn infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Jul-2005
Late onset neonatal sepsis (systemic infection after 48 hours of age) continues to be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Early treatment with antibiotics is essential as infants can deteriorate rapidly. It is not clear which antibiotic regime
