Showing 1-20 of 511 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Infectious disease 
- Abstinence‐only programs for HIV infection prevention in high‐income countries
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Oct-2007
Abstinence-only interventions promote sexual abstinence as the only means of preventing sexual acquisition of HIV; they do not promote safer-sex strategies (e.g., condom use). Although abstinence-only programs are widespread, there has been no internation
- Abstinence‐plus programs for HIV infection prevention in high‐income countries
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Jan-2008
Abstinence-plus interventions promote sexual abstinence as the best means of preventing acquisition of HIV, but also encourage safer-sex strategies (eg condom use) for sexually active participants.
- Acellular vaccines for preventing whooping cough in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Sep-2014
Routine use of whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccines was suspended in some countries in the 1970s and 1980s because of concerns about adverse effects. Following this action, there was a resurgence of whooping cough. Acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines, contain
- Active case finding in contacts of people with tuberculosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Aug-2011
Tuberculosis is a major global health challenge that is caused by a bacteria which is spread by airborne droplets. Mostly patients are identified in high-burden countries when they visit health care facilities ('passive case finding'). Contacts of tubercu
- Acyclovir for treating varicella in otherwise healthy children and adolescents
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Oct-2005
Acyclovir has the potential to shorten the course of illness which may result in reduced costs and morbidity associated with chickenpox.
- Adenotonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnoea in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Sep-2015
Current treatment of sleep apnoea in children consists of largely surgical based treatments. Adenotonsillectomy is the most commonly used intervention to treat sleep apnoea in children.
- Adjunctive corticosteroids for Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in patients with HIV infection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Apr-2015
Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) remains the most common opportunistic infection in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Among patients with HIV infection and PCP the mortality rate is 10% to 20% during the initial infectio
- Adjuvant antiviral therapy for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Dec-2012
This is an update of a Cochrane Review originally published in Issue 4, 2005 of The Cochrane Library and previously updated in 2010.
- Advising patients to increase fluid intake for treating acute respiratory infections
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Feb-2011
Acute respiratory infection is a common reason for people to present for medical care. Advice to increase fluid intake is a frequent treatment recommendation. Attributed benefits of fluids include replacing increased insensible fluid losses, correcting de
- Aerobic exercise interventions for adults living with HIV/AIDS
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Aug-2010
Access to combination antiretroviral therapy has turned HIV into a chronic and manageable disease for many. This increased chronicity has been mirrored by increased prevalence of health-related challenges experienced by people living with HIV (Rusch 2004)
- Albendazole alone or in combination with microfilaricidal drugs for lymphatic filariasis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Dec-2018
The Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis recommends mass treatment of albendazole co-administered with the microfilaricidal (antifilarial) drugs diethylcarbamazine (DEC) or ivermectin; and recommends albendazole alone in areas where loiasis
- Alpha‐foetoprotein and/or liver ultrasonography for screening of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Sep-2012
Chronic hepatitis B virus infection is a risk factor for development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Alpha-foetoprotein and liver ultrasonography are used to screen patients with chronic hepatitis B for hepatocellular carcinoma. It is uncertain whether scree
- Amantadine and rimantadine for influenza A in children and the elderly
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Nov-2014
Influenza is an acute respiratory illness caused by influenza A and B viruses. Complications may occur, especially among children and the elderly.
- Amodiaquine for treating malaria
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Apr-2003
Using a pilot system we have categorised this review as: Historical question - no update intended. Please see "Published notes" section of the review for more details.
- Amphotericin B versus fluconazole for controlling fungal infections in neutropenic cancer patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Sep-2014
Systemic fungal infection is considered to be an important cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer patients, particularly those with neutropenia. Antifungal drugs are often given prophylactically, or empirically to patients with persistent fever.
- Anabolic steroids for the treatment of weight loss in HIV‐infected individuals
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Oct-2005
Individuals with HIV infection often lose weight during the course of their disease. Furthermore, low serum concentrations of testosterone are common in individuals with HIV infection, particularly those with weight loss. Treatment of weight loss with ana
- Anabolic‐androgenic steroids for alcoholic liver disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Oct-2006
Alcohol is one of the most common causes of liver disease in the Western World. Randomised clinical trials have examined the effects of anabolic-androgenic steroids for alcoholic liver disease.
- Antenatal interventions for preventing the transmission of cytomegalovirus (CMV) from the mother to fetus during pregnancy and adverse outcomes in the congenitally infected infant
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Feb-2011
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a herpesvirus and the most common cause of congenital infection in developed countries. Congenital CMV infection can have devastating consequences to the fetus. The high incidence and the serious morbidity associated with congenit
- Antenatal lower genital tract infection screening and treatment programs for preventing preterm delivery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Feb-2015
Genital tract infection is associated with preterm birth (before 37 weeks' gestation). Screening for infections during pregnancy may therefore reduce the numbers of babies being born prematurely. However, screening for infections may have some adverse eff
- Anthelmintics for people with neurocysticercosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Jun-2021
Neurocysticercosis is a parasitic infection of the central nervous system by the larval stage of the pork tapeworm and is a common cause of seizures and epilepsy in endemic areas. Anthelmintics (albendazole or praziquantel) may be given alongside supporti
