Showing 1-20 of 99 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Congenital problems 
- Active cycle of breathing technique for cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Feb-2023
People with cystic fibrosis (CF) experience chronic airway infections as a result of mucus buildup within the lungs. Repeated infections often cause lung damage and disease. Airway clearance therapies aim to improve mucus clearance, increase sputum produc
- Adrenaline for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants with cardiovascular compromise
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Oct-2008
Inotropes are widely used in preterm infants to treat cardiovascular compromise, which may result from early adaptive problems of the transitional circulation, perinatal asphyxia or sepsis. Sustained hypotension and poor organ blood flow are associated wi
- Aerobic exercise training programmes for improving physical and psychosocial health in adults with Down syndrome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-May-2010
Although physical fitness has been suggested to improve physical and psychosocial health for a variety of population profiles, there is a lack of information about the safety and effectiveness of aerobic exercise for adults with Down syndrome.
- Air versus oxygen for resuscitation of infants at birth
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Apr-2005
100% oxygen is the commonly recommended gas for the resuscitation of infants at birth. There is growing evidence from both animal and human studies that room air is as effective as 100% oxygen and that 100% oxygen may have adverse effects on breathing phy
- Antibiotic adjuvant therapy for pulmonary infection in cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Jul-2020
Cystic fibrosis is a multi-system disease characterised by the production of thick secretions causing recurrent pulmonary infection, often with unusual bacteria. This leads to lung destruction and eventually death through respiratory failure. There are no
- Antibiotic prophylaxis regimens and drugs for cesarean section
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Dec-2011
Prophylactic antibiotics for cesarean section have been shown to reduce the incidence of maternal postoperative infectious morbidity. Many different antibiotic regimens have been reported to be effective.
- Antibiotics for brain abscesses in people with cyanotic congenital heart disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Mar-2013
Brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection that begins as a localized area of brain infection and develops into a collection of pus surrounded by a well-vascularized capsule. People with cyanotic congenital heart disease are at risk of developing b
- Antifibrinolytic amino acids for upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people with acute or chronic liver disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Jun-2015
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is one of the most frequent causes of morbidity and mortality in the course of liver cirrhosis. People with liver disease frequently have haemostatic abnormalities such as hyperfibrinolysis. Therefore, antifibrinolytic amin
- Biochemical tests of placental function for assessment in pregnancy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Aug-2012
Biochemical tests of placental or feto-placental function were widely used in the 1960s and 1970s in high-risk pregnancies to try to predict, and thus try to avoid, adverse fetal outcome.
- Botulinum toxin A as an adjunct to treatment in the management of the upper limb in children with spastic cerebral palsy (UPDATE)
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Jan-2010
Cerebral palsy (CP) is "a group of permanent disorders of the development of movement and posture causing activity limitation(s) that are attributed to non-progressive disturbance that occurred in the developing fetal or infant brain" (Rosenbaum 2007, p.9
- Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Oct-2019
Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common cause of physical disabilities in children in high-income countries. Spasticity is the most common motor disturbance in CP. Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is considered the first-line treatment for focal spasticity
- Cancer genetic risk assessment for individuals at risk of familial breast cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Feb-2012
The recognition of an inherited component to breast cancer has led to an increase in demand for information, reassurance, and genetic testing, which has resulted in the creation of genetic clinics for familial cancer. The first step for patients referred
- Carnitine supplementation for inborn errors of metabolism
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Feb-2012
Inborn errors of metabolism are genetic conditions which can lead to abnormalities in the synthesis and metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates, or fats. It has been proposed that in some instances carnitine supplementation should be provided to infants wit
- Clotting factor concentrates given to prevent bleeding and bleeding-related complications in people with hemophilia A or B
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Jul-2011
The hallmark of severe hemophilia is recurrent bleeding into joints and soft tissues with progressive joint damage, notwithstanding on-demand treatment. Prophylaxis has long been used but not universally adopted because of medical, psychosocial, and cost
- Compulsory community and involuntary outpatient treatment for people with severe mental disorders
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Mar-2017
It is controversial whether compulsory community treatment (CCT) for people with severe mental illness (SMI) reduces health service use, or improves clinical outcome and social functioning.
- Constraint‐induced movement therapy in children with unilateral cerebral palsy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Apr-2019
Unilateral cerebral palsy (CP) is a condition that affects muscle control and function on one side of the body. Children with unilateral CP experience difficulties using their hands together secondary to disturbances that occur in the developing fetal or
- Continuous infusion versus intermittent bolus doses of indomethacin for patent ductus arteriosus closure in symptomatic preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Jan-2008
Indomethacin is a prostaglandin inhibitor used for the prevention and the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Potential adverse effects of indomethacin use in premature infants include reduction in cerebral, mesenteric and renal blood flow and pl
- Cooling for newborns with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 31-Jan-2013
Newborn animal studies and pilot studies in humans suggest that mild hypothermia following peripartum hypoxia-ischaemia in newborn infants may reduce neurological sequelae without adverse effects.
- Digoxin for preventing or treating neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Jan-2011
Lendrum 1955 suggested that pulmonary edema secondary to congestive heart failure may contribute to neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Based on this hypothesis, investigators began to use digitalis glycosides to improve myocardial contractility
- Diuretics for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Dec-2011
Lung edema may complicate respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in preterm infants.
