Showing 1201-1220 of 1270 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Special categories 
- Topical cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene replacement for cystic fibrosis-related lung disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Sep-2011
Cystic fibrosis is caused by a defective gene encoding a protein called the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), and is characterised by chronic lung infection resulting in inflammation and progressive lung damage that results in a
- Topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels or varnishes) for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Aug-2008
Topical fluoride therapy (TFT) in the form of varnish, gel, mouthrinse or toothpaste has been used extensively as a caries-preventive intervention for over 3 decades.
- Topical lidocaine for the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Aug-2008
This is an update of the original Cochrane review published in Issue 2, 2007. The cause of postherpetic neuralgia is damage to peripheral neurons, dorsal root ganglia, and the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, secondary to herpes zoster infection (shingles)
- Traditional birth attendant training for improving health behaviours and pregnancy outcomes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Jul-2012
Between the 1970s and 1990s, the World Health Organization promoted traditional birth attendant (TBA) training as one strategy to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality. To date, evidence in support of TBA training is limited but promising for some mortal
- Training health professionals in smoking cessation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Apr-2012
Cigarette smoking is one of the leading causes of preventable death world wide. There is good evidence that brief interventions from health professionals can increase smoking cessation attempts. A number of trials have examined whether skills training for
- Transabdominal pre-peritoneal (TAPP) vs totally extraperitoneal (TEP) laparoscopic techniques for inguinal hernia repair.
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Aug-2008
The choice of approach to the laparoscopic repair of inguinal hernia is controversial. There is a scarcity of data comparing the laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) approach with the laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal (TEP) approach and que
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Nov-2008
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was introduced as a neurophysiological technique in 1985 when Anthony Barker and his team developed a compact machine that permitted non-invasive stimulation of the cerebral cortex (Barker 1985). Since its introduct
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation for treating depression
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Nov-2008
Transcranial magnetic stimulation can either excite or inhibit cortical areas of the brain, depending on whether the speed of the repetitive stimulation is applied at high or low frequencies. It has been used for physiological studies and it has also been
- Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for chronic pain
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Oct-2009
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a popular pain treatment modality but its effectiveness in chronic pain management is unknown. This review is an update of the original Cochrane review published in Issue 3, 2001.
- Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) versus placebo for chronic low-back pain
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Nov-2009
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) was introduced more than 30 years ago as a therapeutic adjunct to the pharmacological management of pain. However, despite widespread use, its effectiveness in chronic low-back pain (LBP) is still controv
- Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for primary dysmenorrhoea
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Aug-2009
Medical therapy for dysmenorrhoea (painful menstrual cramps of the uterus) such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or the oral contraceptive pill work by reducing myometrial (uterine muscle) activity. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TEN
- Transcutaneous electrostimulation for osteoarthritis of the knee
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Nov-2009
Osteoarthritis is the most common form of joint disease and the leading cause of pain and physical disability in the elderly. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), interferential current stimulation and pulsed electrostimulation are used wid
- Transfusion thresholds and other strategies for guiding allogeneic red blood cell transfusion
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Apr-2012
Most clinical practice guidelines recommend restrictive red cell transfusion practices, with the goal of minimising exposure to allogeneic blood. The purpose of this review is to compare clinical outcomes in patients randomised to restrictive versus liber
- Transient neurologic symptoms (TNS) following spinal anaesthesia with lidocaine versus other local anaesthetics
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Dec-2008
Spinal anaesthesia has been in use since 1898. During the last decade there has been an increase in the number of reports implicating lidocaine as a possible cause of temporary and permanent neurologic complications after spinal anaesthesia. Follow up of
- Transverse verses midline incisions for abdominal surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Sep-2011
The choice of surgical incision in the abdomen is determined by access. It has been suggested that other parameters such as recovery and complication rate may be influenced by utilising a transverse or oblique rather than a midline incision. However, ther
- Treatment for peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Mar-2010
Peritonitis is a common complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD) and is associated with significant morbidity. Adequate treatment is essential to reduce morbidity and recurrence.
- Treatment Foster Care for improving outcomes in children and young people
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-May-2008
Treatment foster care (TFC) is a foster family-based intervention that aims to provide young people (and, where appropriate, their families) with a tailored programme designed to effect positive changes in their lives. TFC was designed specifically to cat
- Treatment of hypertension in peripheral arterial disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Jul-2009
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) causes considerable morbidity and mortality. Hypertension is a risk factor for PAD. Treatment for hypertension must be compatible with the symptoms of PAD. Controversy regarding the effects of beta-blockade for hypertensi
- Treatment of Kaposis sarcoma in HIV-1 infected individuals with emphasis on resource poor settings
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Nov-2008
In many countries, Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is the most common malignancy among individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV) and is a cause of substantial morbidity and mortality.
- Treatment of urinary incontinence after stroke in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Nov-2008
Urinary incontinence can affect 40-60% of people admitted to hospital after a stroke, with 25% still having problems on hospital discharge and 15% remaining incontinent at one year.
