Showing 1101-1120 of 1270 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Special categories 
- Slow-release fluoride devices for the control of dental decay
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 31-Jul-2008
Slow-release fluoride devices have been investigated as a potentially cost-effective method of reducing dental caries in those with high risk of disease.
- Small-incision versus open cholecystectomy for patients with symptomatic cholecystolithiasis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Nov-2008
Cholecystectomy is one of the most frequently performed operations. Open cholecystectomy has been the gold standard for over 100 years. Small-incision cholecystectomy is a less frequently used alternative.
- Specialist breast care nurses for supportive care of women with breast cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Jun-2008
Breast Care Nurses (BCNs) are now established internationally, predominantly in well resourced healthcare systems. The role of BCNs has expanded to reflect the diversity of the population in which they work, and the improvements in survival of women with
- Specialist home-based nursing services for children with acute and chronic illnesses
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Nov-2008
Specialist paediatric home-based nursing services have been proposed as a cost-effective means of reducing trauma resulting from hospital admissions, while enhancing primary care and reducing length of hospital stay.
- Specialist nurses in diabetes mellitus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Nov-2008
The patient with diabetes has many different learning needs relating to diet, monitoring, and treatments. In many health care systems specialist nurses provide much of these needs, usually aiming to empower patients to self-manage their diabetes. The pres
- Specialist outreach clinics in primary care and rural hospital settings.
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Nov-2008
Specialist medical practitioners have conducted clinics in primary care and rural hospital settings for a variety of reasons in many different countries. Such clinics have been regarded as an important policy option for increasing the accessibility and ef
- Speech and language therapy for aphasia following stroke
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Apr-2012
Aphasia is an acquired language impairment following brain damage that affects some or all language modalities: expression and understanding of speech, reading and writing. Approximately one-third of people who have a stroke experience aphasia.
- Spinal cord stimulation for chronic pain
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Nov-2008
Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a form of therapy used to treat certain types of chronic pain. It involves an electrical generator that delivers pulses to a targeted spinal cord area. The leads can be implanted by laminectomy or percutaneously and the so
- Spinal manipulation for dysmenorrhoea
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Nov-2009
Dysmenorrhoea (occurrence of painful menstrual cramps of uterine origin) is a common gynaecological condition. The character of pain from musculoskeletal dysfunction can be very similar to gynaecological pain by presenting cyclicly and being altered by ho
- Spinal manipulative therapy for low-back pain
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Aug-2008
Low-back pain is a costly illness for which spinal manipulative therapy is commonly recommended. Previous systematic reviews and practice guidelines have reached discordant results on the effectiveness of this therapy for low-back pain.
- Spinal versus epidural anaesthesia for caesarean section
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Mar-2012
Regional anaesthesia (spinal or epidural anaesthesia) for caesarean section is the preferred option when balancing risks and benefits to the mother and her fetus. Spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section is thought to be advantageous due to simplicity of
- Spiritual and religious interventions for well-being of adults in the terminal phase of disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Apr-2012
As terminal disease progresses, health deteriorates and the end of life approaches, people may ask "Why this illness? Why me? Why now?" Such questions may invoke, rekindle or intensify spiritual or religious concerns. Although the processes by which these
- Spironolactone versus placebo or in combination with steroids for hirsutism and/or acne
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Mar-2011
Hirsutism is the presence of excessive hair growth in women and is an important cosmetic condition often resulting in severe distress. The most common cause is by increased production of male sex hormones (androgens). It is also affected by increased sens
- Sponge versus diaphragm for contraception
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Jan-2011
The contraceptive vaginal sponge was developed as an alternative to the contraceptive diaphragm. The sponge, made of polyurethane impregnated with nonoxynol-9 (1g), releases 125 mg of the spermicide over 24 hours of use. Unlike the diaphragm, the sponge c
- St John's wort for major depression
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Jul-2009
In some countries extracts of the plant Hypericum perforatum L. (popularly called St. John's wort) are widely used for treating patients with depressive symptoms.
- Stabilisation splint therapy for temporomandibular pain dysfunction syndrome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Sep-2008
Pain dysfunction syndrome (PDS) is the most common temporomandibular disorder (TMD). There are many synonyms for this condition including facial arthromyalgia, TMJ dysfunction syndrome, myofacial pain dysfunction syndrome, craniomandibular dysfunction and
- Stapled versus handsewn methods for colorectal anastomosis surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Jan-2012
Previous systematic reviews comparing stapled and handsewn colorectal anastomosis that are available in the medical literature have not shown either technique to be superior. An update of this systematic review was performed to find out if there are any d
- Stapled versus handsewn methods for ileocolic anastomoses
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Jul-2011
Ileocolic anastomoses are commonly performed for right-sided colon cancer and Crohn's disease. The anastomosis may be constructed using a linear cutter stapler or by suturing. Individual trials comparing stapled versus handsewn ileocolic anastomoses have
- Steroid hormones for contraception in men
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Feb-2012
Male hormonal contraception has been an elusive goal. Administration of sex steroids to men can shut off sperm production through effects on the pituitary and hypothalamus. However, this approach also decreases production of testosterone, so 'add-back' th
- Steroids, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and stents for superior vena caval obstruction in carcinoma of the bronchus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Mar-2012
Superior vena caval obstruction (SVCO) is an uncommon manifestation of carcinoma of the bronchus characterised by neck swelling and distended veins over the chest. Treatment options include radiotherapy, chemotherapy, steroids and insertion of an expandab
