Showing 81-100 of 1270 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Special categories 
- Antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants for hypertension
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Oct-2011
Elevated systemic blood pressure results in high intravascular pressure but the main complications, coronary heart disease (CHD), ischaemic strokes and peripheral vascular disease (PVD), are related to thrombosis rather than haemorrhage. Some complication
- Antiplatelet agents for preventing thrombosis after peripheral arterial bypass surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Feb-2011
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) may cause occlusions (blockages) in the main arteries of lower limbs. One treatment option is bypass surgery using autologous (the patient's own tissue) vein graft or artificial graft. A number of factors influence occlus
- Antiplatelet agents versus control or anticoagulation for heart failure in sinus rhythm
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-May-2012
Morbidity and mortality in patients with symptomatic chronic heart failure is high and it predisposes them to stroke and thromboembolism, which in turn contribute to high mortality from heart failure.
- Antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs for prevention of restenosis/reocclusion following peripheral endovascular treatment
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Jul-2012
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is frequently treated by balloon angioplasty. Restenosis/reocclusion of the dilated segments occurs often, depending on length of occlusion, lower leg outflow, stage of disease and presence of cardiovascular risk factors.
- Antiplatelet and anticoagulation for patients with prosthetic heart valves
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Feb-2011
Patients with prosthetic heart valves are at increased risk for valve thrombosis and arterial thromboembolism. Oral anticoagulation alone, or the addition of antiplatelet drugs, has been used to minimize this risk. An important issue is the effectiveness
- Antipsychotic drug treatment for elderly people with late-onset schizophrenia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Jan-2012
Schizophrenia is usually considered an illness of young adulthood. However, onset after the age of 40 years is reported in 23% of patients hospitalised with schizophrenia. At least 0.1% of the world's elderly population have a diagnosis of late-onset schi
- Antipsychotic medication for challenging behaviour in people with learning disability
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Nov-2008
The term 'challenging behaviour', in the absence of psychiatric disorder, encompasses a wide range of behaviours that may be harmful to people or property, may be difficult to manage and may limit access to community facilities. Antipsychotic medications
- Antiretroviral post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for occupational HIV exposure
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Apr-2012
Populations such as healthcare workers (HCWs), injection drug users (IDUs), and people engaging in unprotected sex are all at risk of being infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Animal models show that after initial exposure, HIV replicate
- Antiviral medications for preventing cytomegalovirus disease in solid organ transplant recipients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Mar-2010
The risk of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in solid organ transplant recipients has resulted in the frequent use of prophylaxis with the aim of preventing the clinical syndrome associated with CMV infection.
- Aquatic exercise for the treatment of knee and hip osteoarthritis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Sep-2008
Clinical experience indicates that aquatic exercise may have advantages for osteoarthritis patients.
- Arginine supplementation for prevention of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Dec-2010
Decreased concentration of nitric oxide is proposed as one of the possible cellular mechanisms for necrotising enterocolitis (NEC). Arginine can act as a substrate for the production of nitric oxide in the tissues and arginine supplementation may help in
- Aroma therapy for dementia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Nov-2008
In the realm of dementia treatment aroma therapy has received great interest. In a population of patients not served by many mainstream drugs with great efficacy, complementary therapies are among few other options. The perceived low side effect profile o
- Art therapy for schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like illnesses
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Oct-2008
Many people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like illnesses continue to experience symptoms in spite of medication. In addition to medication, creative therapies, such as art therapy, may be helpful. Art therapy allows exploration of the patient's inne
- Arthroplasties (with and without bone cement) for proximal femoral fractures in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-May-2010
Numerous types of arthroplasties may be used in the surgical treatment of a hip fracture (proximal femoral fracture). The main differences between the implants are in the design of the stems, whether the stem is cemented or uncemented, whether a second ar
- Artificial and bioartificial support systems for liver failure
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Oct-2008
Artificial and bioartificial liver support systems may 'bridge' patients with acute or acute-on-chronic liver failure to liver transplantation or recovery.
- Aspirin or anticoagulants for treating recurrent miscarriage in women without antiphospholipid syndrome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Nov-2008
Since hypercoagulability might result in recurrent miscarriage, anticoagulant agents could potentially increase the live-birth rate in subsequent pregnancies in women with either inherited thrombophilia or unexplained recurrent miscarriage.
- Audio recordings of consultations with doctors for parents of critically sick babies
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Nov-2008
Family centred care is an important part of neonatal intensive care. Ensuring effective communication in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is a challenge but is crucial to the implementation of family centred care. Providing parents in NICU with aud
- Audio-visual presentation of information for informed consent for participation in clinical trials
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Apr-2009
Informed consent is a critical component of clinical research. Different methods of presenting information to potential participants of clinical trials may improve the informed consent process. Audio-visual interventions (presented for example on the Inte
- Audit and feedback versus alternative strategies: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Nov-2008
Audit and feedback has been identified as having the potential to change the practice of health care professionals.
- Audit and feedback: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Jun-2012
Audit and feedback is widely used as a strategy to improve professional practice either on its own or as a component of multifaceted quality improvement interventions. This is based on the belief that healthcare professionals are prompted to modify their
