Showing 901-920 of 1270 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Special categories 
- Preformed metal crowns for decayed primary molar teeth
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 31-Jul-2008
Preformed metal crowns (PMCs) are recommended by the British Society of Paediatric Dentistry (BSPD) for restoring badly broken down primary molar teeth. However, few dental practitioners adopt this technique in clinical practice, citing cost and clinical
- Preimplantation genetic screening for abnormal number of chromosomes (aneuploidies) in in vitro fertilisation or intracytoplasmic sperm injection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Jan-2011
In both IVF and ICSI, selection of the most competent embryos for transfer is based on morphological criteria. However, many women fail to achieve a pregnancy even after 'good quality' embryo transfer. One of the presumed causes is that such embryos show
- Premedication for anxiety in adult day surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Feb-2011
Since the early 1980s, it has become more and more common to carry out surgical procedures on a day case basis. Many patients are anxious before surgery yet there is sometimes a reluctance to provide sedative medication because it is believed to delay dis
- Preoperative alcohol cessation prior to elective surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-May-2012
Hazardous drinking has been associated with an increased postoperative complication rate after surgery. Common complications include postoperative infections, cardiopulmonary complications, and bleeding episodes. Preoperative abstinence may to some degree
- Pre-operative autologous donation for minimising perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Mar-2010
Public concerns regarding the safety of transfused blood have prompted reconsideration of the indications for the transfusion of allogeneic red cells (blood from an unrelated donor), and a range of techniques designed to minimise transfusion requirements.
- Preoperative bathing or showering with skin antiseptics to prevent surgical site infection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Sep-2011
Surgical site infections (SSIs) are wound infections that occur after invasive (surgical) procedures. Preoperative bathing or showering with an antiseptic skin wash product is a well-accepted procedure for reducing skin bacteria (microflora). It is less c
- Preoperative blood transfusions for sickle cell disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Dec-2011
Sickle cell disease is one of the most common inherited diseases in the world, and can cause haemolytic anaemia, vaso-occlusive crises and dysfunction in virtually any organ system in the body. Surgical procedures are often required. Blood transfusion reg
- Preoperative chemotherapy for resectable thoracic esophageal cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-May-2010
Surgery has been the treatment of choice for localized esophageal cancer. A number of studies have investigated whether preoperative chemotherapy followed by surgery leads to an improvement in cure rates but individual reports have been conflicting. An ex
- Preoperative chemotherapy for women with operable breast cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Apr-2012
Currently, preoperative chemotherapy is the standard of care in locally advanced breast cancer to achieve local tumour downsizing in order to make surgery possible. Since the early 1980s, the role of preoperative chemotherapy in early stage (or operable)
- Pre-operative education for hip or knee replacement
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Aug-2008
Hip or knee replacement is a major surgical procedure which can be physically and psychologically stressful for patients. It is hypothesised that education before surgery reduces anxiety and enhances postoperative outcomes.
- Pre-operative endometrial thinning agents before endometrial destruction for heavy menstrual bleeding
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Nov-2008
Menorrhagia is one of the most common reasons for pre-menopausal women to be referred to a gynaecologist. Although medical therapy is generally the first approach, many women will eventually require or request a hysterectomy. Hysterectomy is associated wi
- Preoperative fasting for adults to prevent perioperative complications
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Apr-2010
Fasting before general anaesthesia aims to reduce the volume and acidity of stomach contents during surgery, thus reducing the risk of regurgitation/aspiration. Recent guidelines have recommended a shift in fasting policy from the standard 'nil by mouth f
- Preoperative fasting for preventing perioperative complications in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Apr-2010
Children, like adults, are required to fast before general anaesthesia with the aim of reducing the volume and acidity of their stomach contents. It is thought that fasting reduces the risk of regurgitation and aspiration of gastric contents during surger
- Pre-operative GnRH analogue therapy before hysterectomy or myomectomy for uterine fibroids
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Dec-2010
Uterine fibroids, smooth muscle tumours of the uterus, are found in at least 25 to 35% of women over the age of 35 years. Although some of these tumours are asymptomatic, up to 50% cause symptoms severe enough to warrant therapy and surgery is the standar
- Preoperative hair removal to reduce surgical site infection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Sep-2011
Although preparation of people for surgery has traditionally included removal of hair from the incision site, some studies claim that preoperative hair removal is harmful, causes surgical site infections (SSIs), and should be avoided.
- Pre-operative radiotherapy and curative surgery for the management of localized rectal carcinoma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Aug-2008
Preoperative radiotherapy (PRT) has become part of standard practice offered to improve treatment outcomes in patients with rectal cancer.
- Preoperative radiotherapy for esophageal carcinoma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Feb-2012
The existing randomized evidence has failed to conclusively demonstrate the benefit or otherwise of preoperative radiotherapy in treating patients with potentially resectable esophageal carcinoma.
- Preoperative skin antiseptics for preventing surgical wound infections after clean surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-May-2009
Approximately 15% of elective surgery patients and 30% of patients receiving contaminated or dirty surgery are estimated to develop post-operative wound infections. The costs of surgical wound infection can be considerable in financial as well as social t
- Pre-operative traction for hip fractures in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Oct-2011
Following a hip fracture, traction may be applied to the injured limb before surgery. This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 1997, and previously updated in 2006.
- Preoxygenation for tracheal suctioning in intubated, ventilated newborn infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Nov-2009
Endotracheal suctioning for mechanically ventilated infants is routine practice in neonatal intensive care. However, this practice is associated with serious complications including lobar collapse, pneumothorax, bradycardia and hypoxaemia. Increasing the
