Showing 861-880 of 1270 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Special categories 
- Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Jun-2011
Viral epidemics or pandemics of acute respiratory infections like influenza or severe acute respiratory syndrome pose a global threat. Antiviral drugs and vaccinations may be insufficient to prevent their spread.
- Physical measures for treating depression in dialysis patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Oct-2008
Depression is the most common psychological problem in the chronic dialysis population. The diagnosis of depression in patients on chronic dialysis is confounded by the fact that several symptoms of uraemia mimic the somatic components of depression. It a
- Physical methods for preventing deep vein thrombosis in stroke
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Jul-2010
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and resulting pulmonary embolism (PE) are important complications of stroke. Physical methods to reduce the risk of DVT and PE, such as graduated compression stockings (GCS) or intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) applied to
- Physical therapies for reducing and controlling lymphoedema of the limbs
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-May-2008
Lymphoedema is the accumulation of excess fluid in the body caused by obstruction of the lymphatic drainage mechanisms. Management involves decongesting the reduced lymphatic pathways in order to reduce the size of the limb. There is a great deal of debat
- Physical training for asthma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Apr-2012
People with asthma may show less tolerance to exercise due to worsening asthma symptoms during exercise or other reasons such as deconditioning, as a consequence of inactivity. Some may also restrict activities as per medical advice or family influence an
- Physical training for bronchiectasis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Sep-2008
The pathophysiology of bronchiectasis may result in the development of dyspnoea and decreased exercise tolerance, both of which can impact on a patient's quality of life and ability to perform activities of daily living. There is little information regard
- Physician advice for smoking cessation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Aug-2008
Healthcare professionals frequently advise patients to improve their health by stopping smoking. Such advice may be brief, or part of more intensive interventions.
- Physiotherapy for Parkinson's disease: a comparison of techniques
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Nov-2008
Despite optimal medical and surgical therapies for Parkinson's disease, patients develop progressive disability. The role of the physiotherapist is to maximise functional ability and minimise secondary complications through movement rehabilitation within
- Physiotherapy interventions for ankylosing spondylitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Nov-2008
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic, inflammatory rheumatic disease. Physiotherapy is considered an important part of the overall management of AS.
- Physiotherapy interventions for shoulder pain
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Aug-2010
The prevalence of shoulder disorders has been reported to range from seven to 36% of the population (Lundberg 1969) accounting for 1.2% of all General Practitioner encounters in Australia (Bridges Webb 1992). Substantial disability and significant morbidi
- Physiotherapy treatment approaches for the recovery of postural control and lower limb function following stroke
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Sep-2008
There are a number of different approaches to physiotherapy treatment following stroke that, broadly speaking, are based on neurophysiological, motor learning and orthopaedic principles. Some physiotherapists base their treatment on a single approach, whi
- Piracetam for reducing the incidence of painful sickle cell disease crises
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Mar-2011
Sickle cell disease is one of the most common genetic disorders. Sickle cell crises in which irregular and dehydrated cells contribute to blocking of blood vessels are characterised by episodes of pain. Treatment is mainly supportive and symptomatic. In v
- Pit and fissure sealants for preventing dental decay in the permanent teeth of children and adolescents
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Feb-2009
Although pit and fissure sealants are effective in preventing caries, their efficacy may be related to the caries prevalence in the population.
- Pit and fissure sealants versus fluoride varnishes for preventing dental decay in children and adolescents
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Feb-2010
The majority of the detected increment in dental caries among children and adolescents is confined to pit and fissure surfaces of first molars.
- Placebo interventions for all clinical conditions
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Nov-2009
Placebo interventions are often claimed to substantially improve patient-reported and observer-reported outcomes in many clinical conditions, but most reports on effects of placebos are based on studies that have not randomised patients to placebo or no t
- Platelet-rich-plasmapheresis for minimising peri-operative allogeneic blood transfusion
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Feb-2011
Concerns regarding the safety of transfused blood have generated considerable enthusiasm for the use of technologies intended to reduce the use of allogeneic blood (blood from an unrelated donor). Platelet-rich plasmapheresis (PRP) offers an alternative a
- Platinum containing regimens for metastatic breast cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Apr-2012
Studies have reported high tumour response rates for platinum-containing regimens in the treatment of women with metastatic breast cancer.
- Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines for preventing otitis media
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Sep-2010
Acute otitis media (AOM) is a very common early infancy and childhood disease. The marginal benefits of antibiotics on AOM, the increasing problem of bacterial resistance to antibiotics, and the huge estimated direct and indirect annual costs associated w
- Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines for preventing vaccine-type invasive pneumococcal disease and X-ray defined pneumonia in children less than two years of age
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Aug-2009
Pneumonia, caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among children in low-income countries. The effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) against invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), pneumonia, and mort
- Pneumococcal vaccination during pregnancy for preventing infant infection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-May-2012
Each year at least one million children worldwide die of pneumococcal infections. The development of bacterial resistance to antimicrobials adds to the difficulty of treatment of diseases and emphasizes the need for a preventive approach. Newborn vaccinat
