Showing 801-820 of 1270 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Special categories 
- Organised inpatient (stroke unit) care for stroke
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Sep-2008
Organised stroke unit care is provided by multidisciplinary teams that exclusively manage stroke patients in a dedicated ward (stroke, acute, rehabilitation, comprehensive), with a mobile stroke team or within a generic disability service (mixed rehabilit
- Orientation and mobility training for adults with low vision
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Apr-2010
Orientation and mobility (O&M) training is provided to people who are visually impaired to help them maintain travel independence. It teaches them new orientation and mobility skills to compensate for reduced visual information.
- Orthodontic and orthopaedic treatment for anterior open bite in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Jul-2008
Anterior open bite occurs when there is a lack of vertical overlap of the upper and lower incisors. The aetiology is multifactorial including: oral habits, unfavourable growth patterns, enlarged lymphatic tissue with mouth breathing. Several treatments ha
- Orthodontic treatment for deep bite and retroclined upper front teeth in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Dec-2011
Correction of the type of dental problem where the bite is deep and the upper front teeth are retroclined (Class II division 2 malocclusion) may be carried out using different types of orthodontic treatment. However, in severe cases, surgery to the jaws i
- Orthodontic treatment for posterior crossbites
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Jun-2008
'Posterior crossbite' occurs when the top back teeth bite inside the bottom back teeth. When it affects one side of the mouth the lower jaw may have to move to one side to allow the back teeth to meet together. It is unclear what causes posterior crossbit
- Orthodontic treatment for prominent upper front teeth in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Jun-2008
Prominent upper front teeth are an important and potentially harmful type of orthodontic problem. This condition develops when the child's permanent teeth erupt and children are often referred to an orthodontist for treatment with dental braces to reduce
- Osteotomy, compression and other modifications of surgical techniques for internal fixation of extracapsular hip fractures
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Feb-2009
Many different surgical techniques have been described for the internal fixation of extracapsular hip fractures.
- Outreach and Early Warning Systems (EWS) for the prevention of Intensive Care admission and death of critically ill adult patients on general hospital wards
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Nov-2008
Despite the fact that outreach and early warning systems (EWS) are an integral part of a hospital wide systems approach to improve the early identification and management of deteriorating patients on general hospital wards, the widespread implementation o
- Ovulation suppression for endometriosis for women with subfertility
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Aug-2009
Endometriosis is the presence of endometrial glands or stroma in sites other than the uterine cavity and appears to be an oestrogen-dependent condition. This dependency has prompted the therapeutic use of ovulation suppression agents in an effort to impro
- Oxygen therapy during exercise training in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Jun-2009
Exercise training within the context of pulmonary rehabilitation improves outcomes of exercise capacity, dyspnea and health-related quality of life in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Supplemental oxygen in comparison to plac
- Ozone therapy for the treatment of dental caries
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Aug-2008
Dental caries is a bacterially mediated disease characterised by demineralisation of the tooth surface, which may lead to cavitation, discomfort, pain and eventual tooth loss. Ozone is toxic to certain bacteria in vitro and it has been suggested that deli
- Pain management for sickle cell disease in children and adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Nov-2008
Sickle cell disease is an inherited genetic disorder characterized by an abnormality of haemoglobin that predisposes to polymerization and consequent deformation ("sickling"). Sickle cell disease can cause episodes of acute severe pain. Chronic pain may a
- Pain relief for neonatal circumcision
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Oct-2008
Circumcision is a painful procedure that many newborn males undergo in the first few days after birth. Interventions are available to reduce pain at circumcision; however, many newborns are circumcised without pain management.
- Pain relief in hysterosalpingography
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Sep-2010
Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is a method of testing for tubal patency. Various pharmacological strategies are available that may reduce the pain during the procedure.
- Palliation of metastatic bone pain: single fraction versus multifraction radiotherapy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Apr-2011
Recent randomised studies reported that single fraction radiotherapy was as effective as multifraction radiotherapy in relieving pain due to bone metastasis. However, there are concerns about the higher retreatment rates and the efficacy of preventing fut
- Palliative radiotherapy regimens for non-small cell lung cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Mar-2012
Palliative radiotherapy to the chest is often used in patients with lung cancer, but radiotherapy regimens are more often based on tradition than research results.
- Paracetamol for pain relief after surgical removal of lower wisdom teeth
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Mar-2012
Paracetamol has been commonly used for the relief of postoperative pain following oral surgery. In this review we investigated the optimal dose of paracetamol and the optimal time for drug administration to provide pain relief, taking into account the sid
- Paracetamol versus placebo or physical methods for treating fever in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Feb-2009
Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is widely used for treating fever in children. Like ibuprofen, aspirin, and physical methods (such as fanning), paracetamol aims to provide relief from symptoms and prevent febrile convulsions. Uncertainty exists about the bene
- Paraprofessionals for anxiety and depressive disorders
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Nov-2008
The established mental health care system does not have the resources to meet the extensive need for care of those with anxiety and depressive disorders. Paraprofessionals partially replacing professionals may be cost-effective.
- Parasympathomimetic drugs for the treatment of salivary gland dysfunction due to radiotherapy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Jun-2012
Salivary gland dysfunction is a predictable side effect of radiotherapy to the head and neck region. Pilocarpine hydrochloride (a choline ester) is licensed in many countries for the treatment of radiation-induced salivary gland dysfunction. Other parasym
