Showing 781-800 of 1270 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Special categories 
- Open Preperitoneal Techniques versus Lichtenstein Repair for elective Inguinal Hernias
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Jun-2012
Current techniques for inguinal hernia repair show similar recurrence rates. Therefore, recurrence is no longer the main issue discussed when considering improving the current standards for groin hernia repair. Post surgical chronic pain represents a majo
- Operative and non-operative treatment options for dislocation of the hip following total hip arthroplasty
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Nov-2008
Dislocation following hip replacement is associated with significant morbidity and functional cost. The cause is usually multifactorial. A variety of treatment options are available which can broadly be classified into operative and non-operative.
- Opioid antagonists for alcohol dependence
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Oct-2010
Alcohol dependence belongs to the globally leading health risk factors. Therapeutic success of psychosocial programs for relapse prevention is moderate and could be increased by an adjuvant treatment with the opioid antagonists naltrexone and nalmefene.
- Opioid switching to improve pain relief and drug tolerability
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Sep-2010
Patients with cancer, and increasingly chronic non-cancer pain frequently require strong opioids for pain relief. Morphine is the first-line strong opioid of choice for these patients. While most achieve adequate analgesia with morphine, a significant min
- Opioids for the management of breakthrough (episodic) pain in cancer patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Nov-2008
Breakthrough pain is a transient increase in pain intensity over background pain. It is a common and distinct component of cancer pain that can have a negative impact for both patient and carers' quality of life. Breakthrough pain's usually related to bac
- Opioids for the palliation of breathlessness in advanced disease and terminal illness
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Jun-2012
Breathlessness is a common symptom in people with advanced disease. The most effective treatments are aimed at treating the underlying cause of the breathlessness but this may not be possible and symptomatic treatment is often necessary. Strategies for th
- Opportunities provision for preventing youth gang involvement for children and young people (7-16)
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Nov-2008
Youth gangs have long been studied in the United States and interest elsewhere is increasing. Many studies document a robust and consistent relationship between gang membership and elevated delinquency. One theory of gang involvement, drawing on anomie an
- Optimal timing for intravenous administration set replacement
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Aug-2008
Administration of intravenous therapy is a common occurrence within the hospital setting. Routine replacement of administration sets has been advocated to reduce intravenous infusion contamination. If decreasing the frequency of changing intravenous admin
- Options for self-management education for adults with asthma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Mar-2009
Asthma education and self-management are key recommendations of asthma management guidelines because they improve health outcomes. There are several different modalities for the delivery of asthma self-management education.
- Oral anticoagulants versus antiplatelet therapy for preventing stroke in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation and no history of stroke or transient ischemic attacks
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Mar-2011
Non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) carries an increased risk of stroke mediated by embolism of stasis-precipitated thrombi originating in the left atrial appendage. Both oral anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents have proven effective for stroke preve
- Oral anticoagulation in patients with cancer who have no therapeutic or prophylactic indication for anticoagulation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-May-2011
A number of basic research and clinical studies have led to the hypothesis that oral anticoagulants may improve the survival of patients with cancer through an antitumor effect in addition to their antithrombotic effect.
- Oral anti-pseudomonal antibiotics for cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Oct-2010
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common bacterial pathogen causing lung infections in people with CF and appropriate antibiotic therapy is vital. Antibiotics for pulmonary exacerbations are usually given intravenously, and for long-term treatment, via a
- Oral calorie supplements for cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Sep-2010
Poor nutrition occurs frequently in people with cystic fibrosis (CF) and is associated with other adverse outcomes. Oral calorie supplements are used to increase total daily calorie intake and improve weight gain. However, they are expensive and there are
- Oral contraceptive pill for heavy menstrual bleeding
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Aug-2009
Menorrhagia (heavy menstrual bleeding) is a benign yet debilitating social and health condition. Treatments prescribed in order to reduce excessive menstrual blood loss include prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors, antifibrinolytics, the oral contraceptive
- Oral contraceptives for pain associated with endometriosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Nov-2008
Endometriosis is a common gynaecological condition which affects many women of reproductive age worldwide and is a major cause of pain and infertility. The modern oral contraceptive pill is widely used to treat pain occurring as a result of endometriosis,
- Oral morphine for cancer pain
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Jul-2010
This is an updated version of a previous Cochrane review first published in Issue 4, 2003 of The Cochrane Library. Morphine has been used for many years to relieve pain. Oral morphine in either immediate release or modified release form remains the analge
- Oral protein calorie supplementation for children with chronic disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Aug-2009
Poor growth and nutritional status are common in children with chronic diseases. Oral protein calorie supplements are used to improve nutritional status in these children. These expensive products may be associated with some adverse effects, e.g. developm
- Oral rehydration salt solution for treating cholera: ≤ 270 mOsm/L solutions vs ≥ 310 mOsm/L solutions
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Nov-2011
Oral rehydration solution (ORS) is used to treat the dehydration caused by diarrhoeal diseases, including cholera. ORS formulations with an osmolarity (a measure of solute concentration) of = 270 mOsm/L (ORS = 270) are safe and more effective than ORS for
- Oral versus intravenous antibiotic treatment for febrile neutropenia in cancer patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Mar-2009
Fever occurring in a neutropenic patient remains a common life-threatening complication of cancer chemotherapy. The common practice is to admit the patient to hospital and treat empirically with intravenous broad-spectrum antibiotics. Oral therapy could b
- Oral zinc for arterial and venous leg ulcers
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Jun-2012
Leg ulcers affect up to one percent of people at some time in their life. Leg ulceration is chronic in nature with ulcers being present for months and in some cases years without healing, and with a high risk of recurrence. Management approaches include d
