Showing 41-60 of 99 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Congenital problems 
- Inhaled nitric oxide for the postoperative management of pulmonary hypertension in infants and children with congenital heart disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Aug-2008
Nitric oxide (NO) is a prevalent molecule in humans responsible for many physiologic activities including pulmonary vasodilation. An exogenous, inhaled form (iNO) exists that mimics this action without affecting systemic blood pressure. This therapy has b
- Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for preventing chronic lung disease in ventilated very low birth weight preterm neonates
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Apr-2012
Chronic lung disease (CLD) remains an important cause of mortality and morbidity in preterm infants and inflammation plays an important role in its pathogenesis. The use of inhaled corticosteroids may modulate the inflammatory process without concomitant
- Insoles for prevention and treatment of back pain
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Feb-2010
There is lack of theoretical and clinical knowledge of the use of insoles for prevention or treatment of back pain. The high incidence of back pain and the popularity of shoe insoles call for a systematic review of this practice.
- Instruments for chorionic villus sampling for prenatal diagnosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Nov-2009
Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is the method of choice for obtaining fetal tissue for prenatal diagnosis before 15 weeks of pregnancy. CVS can be performed using either transabdominal or transcervical approach. The type of instrument used could have a si
- Interventions for primary (intrinsic) tracheomalacia in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Apr-2008
Tracheomalacia, a disorder of the large airways where the trachea is deformed or malformed during respiration is commonly seen in tertiary paediatric practice. It is associated with a wide spectrum of respiratory symptoms from life threatening recurrent a
- Interventions for the management of submucous cleft palate
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Jun-2008
Submucous cleft palate (SMCP) is a common congenital malformation of the soft palate which may present as velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI), which can affect the quality and intelligibility of speech. Surgical techniques, which can be used to reconstruct
- Interventions for treating brain arteriovenous malformations in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 31-May-2010
Brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are the single most common cause of intracerebral haemorrhage in young adults. Brain AVMs also cause seizure(s) and focal neurological deficits (in the absence of haemorrhage, migraine or an epileptic seizure); app
- Lamotrigine add-on for drug-resistant partial epilepsy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Apr-2010
This is an updated version of the original Cochrane review published in Issue 3, 2000.
- Late (>7 days) postnatal corticosteroids for chronic lung disease in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Nov-2008
Many preterm infants who survive go on to develop chronic lung disease (CLD). This is true in infants who have had respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and in infants without RDS. This is probably due to persistence of inflammation in the lung. Corticoster
- Late versus early surgical correction for congenital diaphragmatic hernia in newborn infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Apr-2010
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia, although rare (1 per 2-4,000 births), is associated with high mortality and cost. Opinion regarding the timing of surgical repair has gradually shifted from emergent repair to a policy of stabilization using a variety of v
- Magnesium sulphate for preventing preterm birth in threatened preterm labour
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Nov-2008
Magnesium sulphate is used to inhibit uterine activity in women in preterm labour to prevent preterm birth.
- Magnesium sulphate for women at risk of preterm birth for neuroprotection of the fetus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Sep-2009
Epidemiological and basic science evidence suggests that magnesium sulphate before birth may be neuroprotective for the fetus.
- Music education for improving reading skills in children and adolescents with dyslexia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Jul-2012
Dyslexia (or developmental dyslexia or specific reading disability) is a specific learning disorder that has a neurobiological origin. It is marked by difficulties with accurate or fluent recognition of words and poor spelling in people who have average o
- Non-pharmacological interventions for epilepsy in people with intellectual disabilities
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Feb-2011
Approximately 30% of epilepsy patients remain refractory to drug treatment and continue to experience seizures whilst taking one or more antiepileptic drugs. There are a number of non-pharmacological interventions available to refractory patients, which m
- Oxcarbazepine add-on for drug-resistant partial epilepsy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Oct-2008
Most people with epilepsy have a good prognosis and their seizures can be well controlled with the use of a single antiepileptic drug, but up to 30% develop refractory epilepsy, especially those with partial seizures. In this review we summarize the curre
- Percutaneous lines for delivering intravenous antibiotics in people with cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-May-2012
Percutaneous long lines (long intravenous lines) and short intravenous lines (also termed cannulae) are both used to deliver intravenous antibiotics in cystic fibrosis to treat respiratory exacerbations of the disease. The perceived advantage of a long in
- Personal assistance for adults (19-64) with both physical and intellectual impairments
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Nov-2008
There is a high incidence of impairments among working age adults, and their prevalence is increasing in the West. Many countries offer personal assistance in the form of individualised support for people living in the community by a paid assistant other
- Pharmacological and nutritional treatment for McArdle disease (Glycogen Storage Disease type V)
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Nov-2010
McArdle disease (Glycogen Storage Disease type V) is caused by an absence of muscle phosphorylase leading to exercise intolerance, myoglobinuria rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure.
- Preconception and antenatal screening for the fragile site on the X-chromosome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Nov-2008
Fragile X is the most common cause of mental retardation after Down syndrome. It is the commonest inherited cause of mental retardation, and results from a dynamic mutation in a gene on the long arm of the X chromosome. Various strategies are used for pre
- Preimplantation genetic screening for abnormal number of chromosomes (aneuploidies) in in vitro fertilisation or intracytoplasmic sperm injection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Jan-2011
In both IVF and ICSI, selection of the most competent embryos for transfer is based on morphological criteria. However, many women fail to achieve a pregnancy even after 'good quality' embryo transfer. One of the presumed causes is that such embryos show
