Showing 361-380 of 484 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Gastrointestinal 
- Psychological interventions for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Jun-2011
The effect of psychological interventions in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is controversial.
- Psychological interventions to improve adherence to oral hygiene instructions in adults with periodontal diseases
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Jul-2008
Adherence to oral hygiene is an important aspect of the treatment of periodontal disease. Traditional educational interventions have been shown to be of little value in achieving long term behaviour change.
- Psychological therapies for the management of chronic and recurrent pain in children and adolescents
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Jan-2009
Headache, recurrent abdominal pain, and musculoskeletal pain affect many children, who report severe pain, distressed mood, and disability. Psychological therapies are emerging as effective interventions to treat children with chronic or recurrent pain. T
- Psychosocial interventions for recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in childhood
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Nov-2008
Between 4% and 25% of school-age children complain of recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) of sufficient severity to interfere with daily activities. For the majority of such children, no organic cause for their pain can be found on physical examination or inve
- Pulp management for caries in adults: maintaining pulp vitality
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Mar-2012
There is a range of treatment options for the management of the pulp in extensively decayed teeth. These include direct and indirect pulp capping, pulpotomy or pulpectomy. If the tooth is symptomatic or if there are periapical bone changes, then endodonti
- Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Mar-2012
Dental decay in primary teeth remains a considerable health problem. Where decay extends to involve the dental pulp, pulp treatment techniques are often used to manage both symptomatic and symptom free teeth.
- Quality of life after rectal resection for cancer, with or without permanent colostomy.
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Apr-2010
For almost one hundred years abdominoperineal excision has been the standard treatment of choice for rectal cancer. With advances in the techniques for rectal resection and anastomosis, anterior resection with preservation of the sphincter function has be
- Radical radiotherapy for stage I/II non-small cell lung cancer in patients not sufficiently fit for or declining surgery (medically inoperable)
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Sep-2008
In general, surgery is believed to offer the best prospects for cure for early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In spite of the intention to consider all patients with stage I-II disease for surgery, there are those who, although technically oper
- Radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of liver metastases from colorectal cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-May-2012
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common malignant tumour and the third leading cause of cancer deaths in USA. For advanced CRC, the liver is the first site of metastatic disease; approximately 50 % of patients with CRC will develop liver metastases eit
- Radiofrequency thermal ablation versus other interventions for hepatocellular carcinoma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Nov-2008
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common malignant diseases worldwide. A potential curative option is surgical resection. Due to impaired liver function and/or anatomical reasons only few patients can be treated surgically. For the majority of p
- Recall intervals for oral health in primary care patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Jun-2008
The frequency with which patients should attend for a dental check-up and the potential effects on oral health of altering recall intervals between check-ups have been the subject of ongoing international debate for almost 3 decades. Although recommendati
- Recombinant Factor VIIa concentrate versus plasma derived concentrates for the treatment of acute bleeding episodes in people with haemophilia and inhibitors
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Feb-2011
In people with haemophilia, therapeutic clotting agents might be recognised as a foreign protein and induce anti-FVIII antibodies, known as 'inhibitors'. Drugs insensitive to such antibodies, either recombinant or plasma-derived, are called factor VIII "b
- Recombinant human interleukin 10 for induction of remission in Crohn's disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Nov-2011
The etiology of Crohn’s disease remains unknown, nevertheless, it is apparent that inflammation is associated with an imbalance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines produced within the intestinal mucosa. Crohn’s disease represents a sta
- Reconstructive Techniques After Rectal Resection for Rectal Cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Aug-2008
Total mesorectal resection (TME) has led to improved survival and reduced local recurrence in patients with rectal cancer. Straight coloanal anastomosis after TME can lead to problems with frequent bowel movements, fecal urgency and incontinence. The colo
- Rectal 5-aminosalicylic acid for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Nov-2009
5-Aminosalicylates (5-ASA) are considered a first-line therapy for inducing and maintaining remission of mild to moderately active ulcerative colitis (UC). When inflammation in UC is limited to the distal colon, 5-ASA can also be administered rectally as
- Red cell transfusion for the management of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Aug-2010
Upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage affects 50 to 150 per 100,000 adults per year, with a high mortality. Red blood cell transfusions are frequently given, but their impact on rebleeding rates and mortality is unknown.
- Reduced osmolarity oral rehydration solution for treating dehydration caused by acute diarrhoea in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Nov-2008
Oral rehydration solution (ORS) has reduced childhood deaths from diarrhoea in many countries. Recent studies suggest that the currently recommended formulation of ORS recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) may not be optimal, and solutions th
- Regional (spinal, epidural, caudal) versus general anaesthesia in preterm infants undergoing inguinal herniorrhaphy in early infancy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Oct-2008
With improvements in neonatal intensive care, more premature infants are surviving the neonatal period. With this increase, more are presenting for surgery in early infancy. Of predominance in this period is the repair of inguinal herniae, appearing in 38
- Reinforcement of anchorage during orthodontic brace treatment with implants or other surgical methods
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Jul-2008
The term anchorage in orthodontic treatment refers to the control of unwanted tooth movement. This is conventionally provided either by anchor sites within the mouth, such as the teeth and the palate or from outside the mouth (headgear). Orthodontic impla
- Resection versus no intervention or other surgical interventions for colorectal cancer liver metastases
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Aug-2011
Up to 50% of patients with colorectal cancer develop metastases of which half are isolated to the liver and 10% to 25% are eligible for resection. If all disease is removed these patients have a 30% to 50% chance of survival at five years. Treatment optio
