Showing 341-360 of 499 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Infectious disease 
- Oral anti-pseudomonal antibiotics for cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Oct-2010
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common bacterial pathogen causing lung infections in people with CF and appropriate antibiotic therapy is vital. Antibiotics for pulmonary exacerbations are usually given intravenously, and for long-term treatment, via a
- Oral immunoglobulin for the prevention of rotavirus infection in low birth weight infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Oct-2011
Rotavirus is a common neonatal nosocomial viral infection and epidemics with the newer P(6)G9 strains have been reported. Local mucosal immunity in the intestine to rotavirus is important in the resolution of infection and protection against subsequent in
- Oral immunoglobulin for the treatment of rotavirus diarrhea in low birth weight infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Aug-2011
Rotavirus infection is the most common neonatal nosocomial viral infection. It is a major health problem worldwide. Epidemics with the newer P(6)G9 strains have been reported in neonatal units globally. These strains can cause severe symptoms in most infe
- Oral iron supplements for children in malaria-endemic areas
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Sep-2011
Iron-deficiency anaemia is common during childhood. Iron supplementation has been claimed to increase the risk of malaria.
- Oral potassium iodide for the treatment of sporotrichosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Aug-2009
Sporotrichosis is a subacute or chronic disease, usually affecting the skin caused by a dimorphic (existing in two forms), aerobic (oxygen requiring) fungus called Sporothrix schenckii. Oral potassium iodide is widely used for cutaneous sporotrichosis in
- Oral rehydration salt solution for treating cholera: ≤ 270 mOsm/L solutions vs ≥ 310 mOsm/L solutions
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Nov-2011
Oral rehydration solution (ORS) is used to treat the dehydration caused by diarrhoeal diseases, including cholera. ORS formulations with an osmolarity (a measure of solute concentration) of = 270 mOsm/L (ORS = 270) are safe and more effective than ORS for
- Oral substitution treatment of injecting opioid users for prevention of HIV infection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Jun-2011
Injecting drug users are vulnerable to infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and other blood borne viruses as a result of collective use of injecting equipment as well as sexual behaviour
- Oral treatments for fungal infections of the skin of the foot.
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Nov-2008
About 15% of the population have fungal infections of the feet (tinea pedis or athlete's foot). Whilst there are many clinical presentations of tinea pedis the most common are between the toes (interdigital) and on the soles, heels and sides of the foot (
- Oral vaccines for preventing cholera
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Aug-2011
Cholera is a cause of acute watery diarrhoea which can cause dehydration and death if not adequately treated. It usually occurs in epidemics, and is associated with poverty and poor sanitation. Effective, cheap, and easy to administer vaccines could help
- Oral versus intra-vaginal imidazole and triazole anti-fungal treatment of uncomplicated vulvovaginal candidiasis (thrush)
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Nov-2008
Anti-fungals are available for oral and intra-vaginal treatment of uncomplicated vulvovaginal candidiasis (thrush).
- Oral versus intravenous antibiotic treatment for febrile neutropenia in cancer patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Mar-2009
Fever occurring in a neutropenic patient remains a common life-threatening complication of cancer chemotherapy. The common practice is to admit the patient to hospital and treat empirically with intravenous broad-spectrum antibiotics. Oral therapy could b
- Oral versus intravenous rehydration for treating dehydration due to gastroenteritis in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Nov-2009
Dehydration associated with gastroenteritis is a serious complication. Oral rehydration is an effective and inexpensive treatment, but some physicians prefer intravenous methods.
- Over-the-counter (OTC) medications to reduce cough as an adjunct to antibiotics for acute pneumonia in children and adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Dec-2011
Cough is often distressing for patients with pneumonia. Accordingly they often use over-the-counter (OTC) cough medications (mucolytics or cough suppressants). These might provide relief in reducing cough severity, but suppression of the cough mechanism m
- Patient isolation measures for infants with candida colonization or infection for preventing or reducing transmission of candida in neonatal units
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Oct-2011
Candida is a common nosocomial infection and is associated with increased healthcare costs. In neonates, candida infection is associated with high mortality and morbidity and is transmitted by direct and indirect contact. Patient isolation measures, i.e.
- Patient reminder and recall systems to improve immunization rates
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Nov-2008
Immunization rates for children and adults are rising, but coverage levels have not reached optimal goals. As a result of low immunization rates, vaccine-preventable diseases still occur. In an era of increasing complexity of immunization schedules, risin
- Patient support and education for promoting adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy for HIV/AIDS
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Nov-2008
Adherence to prescribed regimens is required to derive maximal benefit from many highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimens in people living with HIV/AIDS.
- Penicillin for secondary prevention of rheumatic fever
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Jul-2009
People with a history of rheumatic fever are at high risk of recurrent attacks of rheumatic fever and developing rheumatic heart disease following a streptococcal throat infection. Giving penicillin to these people can prevent recurrent attacks of rheumat
- Perioperative local anaesthesia for reducing pain following tonsillectomy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Nov-2008
Pain relief after tonsillectomy is an important part of post-operative management. Sometimes local anaesthetics are administed to the tonsillar region, but their effectiveness in relieving pain has not been formally assessed.
- Pharmacological interventions for benzodiazepine mono-dependence management in outpatient settings
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Mar-2008
The improved safety profile of benzodiazepines compared to barbiturates has contributed to a high rate of prescription since the seventies. Although benzodiazepines are highly effective for some disorders, they are potentially addictive drugs and they can
- Pharmacotherapy augmentation strategies in treatment-resistant anxiety disorders
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Nov-2008
A large proportion of patients with anxiety disorders fail to respond to first-line medication interventions, despite evidence of the effectiveness of these agents.
