Showing 341-360 of 484 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Gastrointestinal 
- Prevention of NSAID-induced gastroduodenal ulcers
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-May-2011
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are important agents in the management of arthritic and inflammatory conditions, and are among the most frequently prescribed medications in North America and Europe. However, there is overwhelming evidence l
- Primary closure versus T-tube drainage after laparoscopic common bile duct stone exploration
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Oct-2008
Use of T-tube drainage after laparoscopic common bile duct exploration is controversial. We were unable to identify any meta-analysis or systematic reviews of the benefits and harms of T-tube drainage after common bile duct exploration.
- Primary closure versus T-tube drainage after open common bile duct exploration
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Oct-2008
Between 5% and 11% of people undergoing cholecystectomy have common bile duct stones. Open common bile duct exploration is an important operation when endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography fails or when expertise for laparoscopic common bile duc
- Probiotics for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-May-2008
Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is an inflammatory condition affecting the colon with an incidence of approximately 10-20 per 100,000 per year. No existing intervention is effective in all patients with a proportion requiring colectomy. There are significant prop
- Probiotics for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Jun-2008
Crohn's disease (CD) is characterised by episodes of disease activity and symptom-free remission. Probiotics are microorganisms that can potentially benefit health, and have been evaluated as an alternate means of preventing relapse in patients with CD.
- Probiotics for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Nov-2011
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic relapsing disease characterised by diffuse mucosal inflammation limited to the colon. Current maintenance treatments have multiple adverse events and an effective treatment with minimal adverse events is desired. Several st
- Probiotics for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and/or steatohepatitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Nov-2008
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease comprises a spectrum of diseases ranging from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Probiotics have been proposed as a treatment option because of their modulating effect on the gut f
- Probiotics for the prevention of pediatric antibiotic-associated diarrhea
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Oct-2011
Antibiotics alter the microbial balance within the gastrointestinal tract. Probiotics may prevent antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) via restoration of the gut microflora. Antibiotics are prescribed frequently in children and AAD is common in this popul
- Probiotics for treating acute infectious diarrhoea
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Nov-2010
Probiotics may offer a safe intervention in acute infectious diarrhoea to reduce the duration and severity of the illness.
- Probiotics for treating persistent diarrhoea in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Oct-2010
Persistent diarrhoea (diarrhoea lasting more than 14 days) accounts for one third of all diarrhoea related deaths in developing countries in some studies. Probiotics may help treatment.
- Probiotics for treatment of Clostridium difficile-associated colitis in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-May-2008
Probiotics are live microorganisms consisting of non-pathogenic yeast and bacteria that are believed to restore the microbial balance of the gastrointestinal tract altered by infection with Clostridium difficile (C. difficile).
- Probiotics in infants for prevention of allergic disease and food hypersensitivity
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Sep-2008
The composition of the intestinal microflora may be different in individuals with atopic eczema from those without this condition, and such differences may precede the development of eczema. Probiotics are live bacteria that colonize the gastrointestinal
- Prophylactic anastomotic drainage for colorectal surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Aug-2008
There is little agreement on prophylactic use of drains in anastomoses in elective colorectal surgery despite many randomized clinical trials. Results of these trials are contradictory, quality and statistical power of these individual studies have been q
- Prophylactic antibiotics for penetrating abdominal trauma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Aug-2009
Penetrating abdominal trauma occurs when the peritoneal cavity is breached. Routine laparotomy for penetrating abdominal injuries began in the 1800s, with antibiotics first being used in World War II to combat septic complications associated with these in
- Prophylactic gastrojejunostomy for unresectable periampullary carcinoma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Feb-2012
The role of prophylactic gastrojejunostomy in patients with unresectable periampullary cancer is controversial.
- Prophylactic nasogastric decompression after abdominal surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Feb-2010
Routine use of nasogastric tubes after abdominal operations is intended to hasten the return of bowel function, prevent pulmonary complications, diminish the risk of anastomotic leakage, increase patient comfort and shorten hospital stay.
- Propylthiouracil for alcoholic liver disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-May-2011
Randomised clinical trials have addressed the question whether propylthiouracil has any beneficial effects in patients with alcoholic liver disease.
- Prostaglandins for adult liver transplanted patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Sep-2011
Prostaglandins may reduce ischaemic injury after liver transplantation. Several small randomised trials have evaluated the effects of prostaglandins in patients undergoing liver transplantation. Results of these trials are inconsistent, and none has enoug
- Proton pump inhibitor treatment for acute peptic ulcer bleeding
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Apr-2010
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the clinical effect of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in peptic ulcer (PU) bleeding yield conflicting results.
- Proton pump inhibitor treatment initiated prior to endoscopic diagnosis in upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Feb-2012
There is conflicting evidence regarding the clinical efficacy of proton pump inhibitors (PPI) initiated before endoscopy for upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
