Showing 321-340 of 484 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Gastrointestinal 
- Perioperative blood transfusions and recurrence of colorectal cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Jan-2011
The improvement of renal allograft survival by pre-transplantation transfusions alerted to the potential detrimental effect of transfusions in cancer treatment.
- Peri-operative glycaemic control regimens for preventing surgical site infections in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-May-2009
Surgical site infections (SSIs) are associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and resource utilization and are potentially preventable. Peri-operative hyperglycaemia has been associated with increased SSIs and previous recommendations have been to
- Perioperative transversus abdominis plane (TAP) blocks for analgesia after abdominal surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Nov-2010
The transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block is a peripheral nerve block which anaesthetises the abdominal wall. The increasing use of TAP block, as a form of pain relief after abdominal surgery warrants evaluation of its effectiveness as an adjunctive tec
- Pharmacological interventions for ischaemia reperfusion injury in liver resection surgery performed under vascular control
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Aug-2009
Vascular occlusion used during elective liver resection to reduce blood loss results in significant ischaemia reperfusion (IR) injury. This in turn leads to significant postoperative liver dysfunction and morbidity. Various pharmacological drugs have been
- Pharmacological interventions for recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in childhood
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Nov-2008
Between 4% and 25% of school-age children complain of recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) of sufficient severity to interfere with daily activities. For the majority, no organic cause for their pain can be found on physical examination or investigation and alt
- Pharmacological interventions to decrease blood loss and blood transfusion requirements for liver resection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Aug-2009
Blood loss during liver resection is one of the most important factors affecting the peri-operative outcomes of patients undergoing liver resection.
- Pharmacological interventions versus no pharmacological intervention for ischaemia reperfusion injury in liver resection surgery performed under vascular control
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Aug-2009
Vascular occlusion to reduce blood loss is used during elective liver resection but results in significant ischaemia reperfusion injury. This, in turn, might lead to significant postoperative liver dysfunction and morbidity. Various pharmacological drugs
- Physostigmine for dementia due to Alzheimer's disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Jun-2008
The main pharmacological approach for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been based on the use of agents potentiating cholinergic transmission, particularly by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE), the enzyme that destroys acetylcholine after
- Piggy-back graft for liver transplantation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Dec-2010
Piggy-back method of transplantation, which involves preservation of the recipient retrohepatic inferior vena cava, has been suggested as an alternative to the conventional method of liver transplantation, where the recipient retrohepatic inferior vena ca
- Pit and fissure sealants for preventing dental decay in the permanent teeth of children and adolescents
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Feb-2009
Although pit and fissure sealants are effective in preventing caries, their efficacy may be related to the caries prevalence in the population.
- Pit and fissure sealants versus fluoride varnishes for preventing dental decay in children and adolescents
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Feb-2010
The majority of the detected increment in dental caries among children and adolescents is confined to pit and fissure surfaces of first molars.
- Plugs for containing faecal incontinence
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Mar-2012
Faecal incontinence is a distressing disorder with high social stigma. Not all people with faecal incontinence can be cured with conservative or surgical treatment and they may need to rely on containment products, such as anal plugs.
- Polymer-based oral rehydration solution for treating acute watery diarrhoea
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Feb-2009
Acute diarrhoea is one of the principal causes of morbidity and mortality among children in low-income countries. Glucose-based ORS helps replace fluid and prevent further dehydration from acute diarrhoea. Since 2004, the World Health Organization has rec
- Portosystemic shunts versus endoscopic therapy for variceal rebleeding in patients with cirrhosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Nov-2008
Randomised clinical trials have compared portosystemic shunting procedures with endoscopic therapy for variceal haemorrhage, but there is no consensus as to which approach is preferable.
- Potassium containing toothpastes for dentine hypersensitivity
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Mar-2012
Dentine hypersensitivity may be defined as the pain arising from exposed dentine, typically in response to external stimuli, and which cannot be explained by any other form of dental disease. Many treatment regimens have been recommended over the years, a
- Prebiotics in infants for prevention of allergic disease and food hypersensitivity
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Sep-2008
The composition of the intestinal microflora may be different in individuals with atopic eczema from those without this condition, and such differences may precede the development of eczema. Prebiotics are nondigestible food components that benefit the ho
- Preformed metal crowns for decayed primary molar teeth
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 31-Jul-2008
Preformed metal crowns (PMCs) are recommended by the British Society of Paediatric Dentistry (BSPD) for restoring badly broken down primary molar teeth. However, few dental practitioners adopt this technique in clinical practice, citing cost and clinical
- Preoperative chemotherapy for resectable thoracic esophageal cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-May-2010
Surgery has been the treatment of choice for localized esophageal cancer. A number of studies have investigated whether preoperative chemotherapy followed by surgery leads to an improvement in cure rates but individual reports have been conflicting. An ex
- Pre-operative radiotherapy and curative surgery for the management of localized rectal carcinoma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Aug-2008
Preoperative radiotherapy (PRT) has become part of standard practice offered to improve treatment outcomes in patients with rectal cancer.
- Preoperative radiotherapy for esophageal carcinoma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Feb-2012
The existing randomized evidence has failed to conclusively demonstrate the benefit or otherwise of preoperative radiotherapy in treating patients with potentially resectable esophageal carcinoma.
