Showing 281-300 of 499 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Infectious disease 
- Interventions for trichomoniasis in pregnancy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Apr-2011
Vaginitis due to Trichomonas vaginalis is one of the most common of sexually transmitted diseases. Trichomoniasis affects women during pregnancy as well but it is not clearly established whether it causes preterm birth and other pregnancy complications.
- Interventions to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy in children with HIV infection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Nov-2011
Achieving and maintaining high levels of medication adherence are required to achieve the full benefits of antiretroviral therapy (ART), yet suboptimal adherence among children is common in both developed and developing countries.
- Interventions to improve antibiotic prescribing practices for hospital inpatients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Feb-2009
Up to 50% of antibiotic usage in hospitals is inappropriate. In hospitals, infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria are associated with higher mortality, morbidity and prolonged hospital stay compared with infections caused by antibiotic-suscept
- Interventions to improve antibiotic prescribing practices in ambulatory care
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Nov-2008
The development of resistance to antibiotics by many important human pathogens has been linked to exposure to antibiotics over time. The misuse of antibiotics for viral infections (for which they are of no value) and the excessive use of broad spectrum an
- Interventions to improve water quality for preventing diarrhoea
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Oct-2008
Diarrhoeal diseases are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity, especially among young children in developing countries. While many of the infectious agents associated with diarrhoeal disease are potentially waterborne, the evidence for reducing diarr
- Interventions to modify sexual risk behaviours for preventing HIV in homeless youth
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Dec-2010
Homeless youth are at high risk for HIV infection as a consequence of risky sexual behaviour. Interventions for homeless youth are challenging. Assessment of the effectiveness of interventions to modify sexual risk behaviours for preventing HIV in homeles
- Interventions to reduce risky sexual behaviour for preventing HIV infection in workers in occupational settings
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Nov-2011
The workplace provides an important avenue to prevent HIV.
- Intramuscular arteether for treating severe malaria
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Apr-2011
Quinine and artemisinin drugs are used in severe malaria, but quinine resistance is increasing. Arteether is a recently developed artemisinin derivative that is oil soluble, has a long elimination half life, and is more stable than other derivatives.
- Intranasal ipratropium bromide for the common cold
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Jun-2011
The common cold is one of the most common illnesses in humans and constitutes an economic burden both in terms of productivity and expenditure for treatment. There is no proven cure for the common cold and symptomatic relief is the mainstay of treatment.
- Intranasal steroids for acute sinusitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Jun-2011
Acute sinusitis is a common reason for primary care visits. It causes significant symptoms and often results in time off work and school.
- Intra-pleural fibrinolytic therapy versus conservative management in the treatment of adult parapneumonic effusions and empyema
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 31-Mar-2009
Pleural effusions and empyema may complicate lower respiratory tract infections. Treatment of these collections of pus includes surgical drainage and the use of intra-pleural fibrinolysis to break down fibrin bands that may cause loculation.
- Intrarectal quinine versus intravenous or intramuscular quinine for treating Plasmodium falciparum malaria
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Nov-2008
In children with falciparum malaria, a proprietary quinine preparation (adjusted to make it less acidic) administered rectally may be easier to use and less painful than intramuscular or intravenous administration. However, rectal quinine may be less effe
- Intravenous immunoglobulin for treating sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Jan-2010
Mortality from sepsis and septic shock remains high. Results of trials on intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) as adjunctive therapy for sepsis have been conflicting. This is an update of a Cochrane review (2002).
- Intravenous in-line filters for preventing morbidity and mortality in neonates
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Jul-2011
Venous access is an essential part of caring for the sick neonate; however, problems such as contamination of fluids with bacteria, endotoxins and particulates have been associated with intravenous infusion therapy. Intravenous in-line filters claim to be
- Intraventricular antibiotics for bacterial meningitis in neonates
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Jun-2012
Neonatal meningitis may be caused by bacteria, especially gram-negative bacteria, which are difficult to eradicate from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using safe doses of antibiotics. In theory, intraventricular administration of antibiotics would produce
- Iron-chelating agents for treating malaria
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Aug-2008
It is still unclear whether iron-chelating agents, such as intravenous desferrioxamine (DFO) and oral deferiprone, given alone or added to standard antimalarial treatment would reduce malaria deaths.
- Isoniazid for preventing tuberculosis in non-HIV infected persons
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Nov-2009
Although isoniazid (INH) is commonly used for treating tuberculosis (TB), it is also effective as preventive therapy.
- Ivermectin for onchocercal eye disease (river blindness)
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Jul-2012
It is believed that ivermectin (a microfilaricide) could prevent blindness due to onchocerciasis. However, when given to everyone in communities where onchocerciasis is common, the effects of ivermectin on lesions affecting the eye are uncertain and data
- Lamivudine with or without adefovir dipivoxil for postoperative hepatocellular carcinoma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Nov-2011
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a significant cause of death, especially in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Removal of the cancer through surgery or other techniques is considered the first-line therapy in early HCC, but relapse of HCC is the main postoper
- Laparoscopic versus open surgery for suspected appendicitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Sep-2010
Laparoscopic surgery for acute appendicitis has been proposed to have advantages over conventional surgery.
