Showing 281-300 of 1270 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Special categories 
- Direct versus indirect veneer restorations for intrinsic dental stains
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Aug-2008
Patients with discoloured teeth frequently present to the dentist requesting restorations designed to improve their appearance. For teeth that are sound, this might include the use of a veneer restoration. The veneer acts as a thin layer of a material cov
- Discharge planning from hospital to home
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Nov-2009
Discharge planning is a routine feature of health systems in many countries. The aim of discharge planning is to reduce hospital length of stay and unplanned readmission to hospital, and improve the co-ordination of services following discharge from hospi
- Disposable surgical face masks for preventing surgical wound infection in clean surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Nov-2011
Surgical face masks were originally developed to contain and filter droplets containing microorganisms expelled from the mouth and nasopharynx of healthcare workers during surgery, thereby providing protection for the patient. However, there are several w
- Diuretics acting on the distal renal tubule for preterm infants with (or developing) chronic lung disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Aug-2011
Lung disease in preterm infants is often complicated with lung edema.
- Domestic violence screening and intervention programmes for adults with dental or facial injury
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Nov-2010
Domestic violence exists in all communities across the world. Healthcare services have a pivotal role in the identification, assessment and response to domestic violence. As the face is a common target in assault, dentists and oral and maxillofacial surge
- Dopamine for prevention of morbidity and mortality in term newborn infants with suspected perinatal asphyxia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Oct-2008
Perinatal asphyxia remains an important condition with significant mortality and long-term morbidity. Multisystem involvement including hypotension and low cardiac output is common in infants with perinatal asphyxia. Dopamine is commonly used for infants
- Double bag or Y-set versus standard transfer systems for continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in end-stage renal disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Sep-2008
Peritonitis is the most frequent serious complication of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). It has a major influence on the number of patients switching from CAPD to haemodialysis and has probably restricted the wider acceptance and uptake
- Double gloving to reduce surgical cross-infection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Aug-2009
The invasive nature of surgery, with its increased exposure to blood, means that during surgery there is a high risk of transfer of pathogens. Pathogens can be transferred through contact between surgical patients and the surgical team, resulting in post-
- Doxorubicin-based chemotherapy for the palliative treatment of adult patients with locally advanced or metastatic soft tissue sarcoma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Aug-2008
Considerable controversy exists as to whether any benefit of doxorubicin-based combination chemotherapy outweighs increased toxic effects, inconvenience, and additional costs, compared to single-agent doxorubicin. There is substantial variation in clinica
- Drama therapy for schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like illnesses
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Apr-2008
Medication is the mainstay of treatment for schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like illnesses, but many people continue to experience symptoms in spite of medication (Johnstone 1998). In addition to medication, creative therapies, such as drama therapy may pr
- Dressings and topical agents for surgical wounds healing by secondary intention
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Mar-2012
Many different wound dressings and topical applications are used to cover surgical wounds healing by secondary intention. It is not known whether these dressings heal wounds at different rates.
- Drug therapy for anxiety in adult palliative care patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Aug-2009
Anxiety is common among patients with advanced disease. It can be a natural response to impending death, but may also result from an underlying anxiety disorder, pain, or other untreated or poorly managed symptoms.
- Drug therapy for delirium in terminally ill adult patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Aug-2009
Delirium is a common disorder that often complicates treatment in patients with life-limiting disease. Delirium is described using a variety of terms such as agitation, acute confusional states, encephalopathy, organic mental disorders, and terminal restl
- Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Jun-2008
Drugs can prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting, but their relative efficacies and side effects have not been compared within one systematic review.
- Drugs for preventing tuberculosis in people at risk of multiple-drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-May-2009
The emergence and spread of multiple-drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), caused by strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampicin, is a potential threat to global tuberculosis control. Treatment is prolonged, expens
- Dual chamber versus single chamber ventricular pacemakers for sick sinus syndrome and atrioventricular block
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Sep-2008
Dual chamber pacing or single chamber atrial pacing ('physiologic' pacing) is believed to have an advantage over single chamber ventricular pacing in that it resembles cardiac physiology more closely by maintaining atrioventricular (AV) synchrony and domi
- Duration of treatment with vitamin K antagonists in symptomatic venous thromboembolism
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Feb-2011
Currently, the most frequently used secondary treatment for patients with venous thromboembolism is vitamin K antagonists targeted at an International Normalized Ratio (INR) of 2.5 (range 2.0 to 3.0). However, based on the continuing risk of bleeding and
- Early developmental intervention programs post hospital discharge to prevent motor and cognitive impairments in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Sep-2008
Infants born preterm are at increased risk of developing cognitive and motor impairments compared with infants born at term. Early developmental interventions have been used in the clinical setting with the aim of improving the overall functional outcome
- Early enteral nutrition within 24h of colorectal surgery versus later commencement of feeding for postoperative complications
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Jan-2011
This updated review from 2011 focus on early postoperative enteral nutrition after gastrointestinal surgery. Traditional management consist of 'nil by mouth', where patients receive fluids followed by solids when tolerated. Although several trials have im
- Early extubation for adult cardiac surgical patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Mar-2012
Over 30 studies reported that early extubation (within eight hours) appears to be safe without an increased incidence of morbidity. A benefit of the practice may be cost savings associated with shorter Intensive Care Unit and hospital length of stays.
