Showing 261-280 of 484 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Gastrointestinal 
- Methotrexate for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-May-2008
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Corticosteroids and 5-aminosalicylates are the most commonly used therapies. However, many patients require immunosuppressive therapy when their disease becomes steroid-refractory or dependent. M
- Methotrexate for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Jul-2009
Safe and effective long-term treatments that reduce the need for corticosteroids are needed for Crohn's disease. Although purine antimetabolites are moderately effective for maintenance of remission patients often relapse despite treatment with these agen
- Methotrexate for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Oct-2011
Methotrexate, a folate antagonist, is an immunosuppressant drug that is effective for treating several inflammatory disorders including Crohn's disease. Ulcerative colitis, a related chronic inflammatory bowel disease, can be challenging to treat. This re
- Methotrexate for primary biliary cirrhosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Apr-2010
Methotrexate has been used to treat patients with primary biliary cirrhosis as it possesses immunosuppressive properties. The previously prepared version of this review from 2005 showed that methotrexate seemed to significantly increase mortality in patie
- Metoclopramide for migration of naso-enteral tube
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-May-2009
Enteral alimentation by feeding tube is a common and efficient method of providing nutritional support to hospitalized patients with insufficient oral intake, but adequate gastrointestinal function. The use of metoclopramide, a prokinetic agent, has been
- Milk thistle for alcoholic and/or hepatitis B or C virus liver diseases
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Nov-2008
Alcohol and hepatotoxic viruses cause the majority of liver diseases. Randomised clinical trials have assessed whether extracts of milk thistle, Silybum marianum (L) Gaertneri, have any effect in patients with alcoholic and/or hepatitis B or C virus liver
- Miniport versus standard ports for laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Apr-2010
In conventional (standard) laparoscopic cholecystectomy, four abdominal ports (two of 10 mm diameter and two of 5 mm diameter) are used. Recently, use of smaller ports have been reported.
- Momordica charantia for type 2 diabetes mellitus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Jun-2012
Momordica charantia (bitter gourd) is not only a nutritious vegetable but it is also used in traditional medical practices to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. Experimental studies with animals and humans suggested that the vegetable has a possible role in
- Multicomponent fortified human milk for promoting growth in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Oct-2008
For term infants, human milk provides adequate nutrition to facilitate growth, as well as potential beneficial effects on immunity and the maternal-infant emotional state. However, the role of human milk in premature infants is less well defined as it con
- Mu-opioid antagonists for opioid-induced bowel dysfunction
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-May-2011
Opioid-induced bowel dysfunction (OBD) is characterized by constipation, incomplete evacuation, bloating, and increased gastric reflux. OBD occurs both acutely and chronically, in multiple disease states, resulting in increased morbidity and reduced quali
- Natalizumab for induction of remission in Crohn's disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Nov-2008
The pathogenesis of Crohn's disease involves migration of leukocytes into gut tissue and subsequent inflammation. Natalizumab (Tysabri®, Elan Pharmaceuticals and Biogen Idec) a recombinant humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody that blocks adhesion and subseq
- Neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy for surgical resection of hepatocellular carcinoma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Nov-2008
Hepatocellular carcinoma is a disease of great concern. Surgery is the treatment of choice, but there is still a high recurrence rate after resection.
- Neuraminidase inhibitors for the treatment of influenza infection in people with cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Nov-2011
Cystic fibrosis is the most common, life-threatening, recessively inherited disease of Caucasian populations. It is a multisystem disorder caused by a mutation in the gene encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein which is i
- Nitrates for achalasia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Sep-2010
Achalasia is a disease that impairs oesophageal motility. Although nitrates have been used to treat achalasia for a long time, the effectiveness of nitrates for achalasia is still controversial. Newer therapies have to some extent superceded the use of ni
- Nitrous Oxide for Colonoscopy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Jun-2011
Colonoscopy is the gold standard investigation for large bowel disease. With the increase in demand, pressure is on clinics to shorten lengths of time per procedure in addition to maintaining high levels of patient safety. Analgesia has always been the ma
- Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) and aspirin for preventing colorectal adenomas and carcinomas
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Aug-2008
There is evidence from experimental animals studies, prospective and retrospective observational studies that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) may reduce the development of sporadic colorectal adenomas (CRAs) and cancer (CRC) and may induce t
- Non surgical interventions for late radiation proctitis in patients who have received radical radiotherapy to the pelvis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Mar-2009
Chronic radiation proctitis (rectal inflammation) may develop after the completion of pelvic radiotherapy. Presently there is no recommended standard management.
- Non surgical therapy for anal fissure
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Jan-2012
Because of the disability associated with surgery for anal fissure and the risk of incontinence, medical alternatives for surgery have been sought. Most recently, pharmacologic methods that relax the anal smooth muscle, to accomplish reversibly what occur
- Nonabsorbable disaccharides for hepatic encephalopathy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Nov-2008
Nonabsorbable disaccharides (lactulose or lactitol) are considered the treatment of choice for hepatic encephalopathy.
- Non-pharmacological therapies for dysphagia in Parkinson's disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Nov-2008
Dysphagia occurs frequently in Parkinson's disease although patients themselves may be unaware of swallowing difficulties. Speech and language therapists in conjunction with nurses and dietitians use techniques that aim to improve swallowing and reduce th
