Showing 241-260 of 484 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Gastrointestinal 
- Laparoscopic versus open total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Aug-2008
Because definitive long-term results are not yet available, the oncological safety of laparoscopic surgery for treatment of rectal cancer remains controversial. However, laparoscopic total mesorectal excision (LTME) for rectal cancer has been proposed to
- Laparoscopic versus small-incision cholecystectomy for patients with symptomatic cholecystolithiasis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Nov-2008
Cholecystectomy is one of the most frequently performed operations. Open cholecystectomy has been the gold standard for over 100 years. Small-incision cholecystectomy is a less frequently used alternative. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was introduced in th
- Laparoscopy for the management of acute lower abdominal pain in women of childbearing age
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Dec-2010
Acute lower abdominal pain is common and making a diagnosis is particularly challenging in premenopausal woman as ovulation and menstruation symptoms overlap with the symptoms of appendicitis and pelvic infection. A management strategy involving early lap
- Late versus early surgical correction for congenital diaphragmatic hernia in newborn infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Apr-2010
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia, although rare (1 per 2-4,000 births), is associated with high mortality and cost. Opinion regarding the timing of surgical repair has gradually shifted from emergent repair to a policy of stabilization using a variety of v
- Laxatives for the treatment of hemorrhoids.
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Aug-2008
Symptomatic hemorrhoids are a common medical condition, which increase in prevalence in women during pregnancy and postpartum. Although the evidence appears to be inconclusive, narrative reviews and clinical practice guidelines recommend the use of laxati
- Laxatives or methylnaltrexone for the management of constipation in palliative care patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Jul-2011
Constipation is common in palliative care; it can generate considerable suffering due to the unpleasant physical symptoms. In the first Cochrane Review on effectiveness of laxatives for the management of constipation in palliative care patients, published
- Long-term effects of weight-reducing drugs in hypertensive patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-May-2009
All major guidelines for antihypertensive therapy recommend weight loss; anti-obesity drugs might be a helpful option.
- Long-term non-pharmacological weight loss interventions for adults with prediabetes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Nov-2008
Most persons with prediabetes (impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose) are overweight, and obesity worsens the metabolic and physiologic abnormalities associated with this condition. Prediabetes is an important risk factor for the developm
- Long-term results of laparoscopic colorectal cancer resection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Mar-2012
Although minimally invasive surgery has been accepted for a variety of disorders, laparoscopic resection of colorectal cancer is performed by few. Concern about oncological radicality and long term outcome has limited the adoption of laparoscopic surgery
- Low glycaemic index or low glycaemic load diets for overweight and obesity
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Nov-2008
Obesity is increasingly prevalent, yet the nutritional management remains contentious. It has been suggested that low glycaemic index or load diets may stimulate greater weight loss than higher glycaemic index or load diets or other weight reduction diets
- Low pressure versus standard pressure pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Feb-2009
A pneumoperitoneum of 12 to 16 mmHg is used for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Lower pressures are claimed to be safe and effective in decreasing cardiopulmonary complications and pain.
- Management of faecal incontinence and constipation in adults with central neurological diseases
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Nov-2008
People with neurological disease have a much higher risk of both faecal incontinence and constipation than the general population. There is often a fine line between the two conditions, with any management intended to ameliorate one risking precipitating
- Manual versus powered toothbrushing for oral health
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Aug-2008
Removing dental plaque may play a key role maintaining oral health. There is conflicting evidence for the relative merits of manual and powered toothbrushing in achieving this.
- Mechanical bowel preparation for elective colorectal surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Aug-2011
The presence of bowel contents during colorectal surgery has been related to anastomotic leakage, but the belief that mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) is an efficient agent against leakage and infectious complications is based on observational data and
- Medical versus surgical management for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Mar-2010
Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is a common condition with up to 20% of patients from Westernised countries experiencing heartburn, reflux or both intermittently. It is unclear whether medical or surgical (laparoscopic fundoplication) management
- Medicinal herbs for hepatitis C virus infection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Nov-2008
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a serious health problem world-wide. Medicinal herbs are increasingly being used for hepatitis C.
- Methods of cystic duct occlusion during laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Sep-2010
During laparoscopic cholecystectomy, it is necessary to occlude the cystic duct permanently. Traditionally, this has been performed through the application of non-absorbable metal clips. Use of absorbable materials to occlude the cystic duct has been sugg
- Methods of decreasing infection to improve outcomes after liver resections
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Oct-2011
Infections cause both morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing liver resection. Various methods have been advocated to decrease the infectious complications after liver resection. We do not know if they are of any benefit to the patient or the healt
- Methods of vascular occlusion for elective liver resections
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Oct-2008
Vascular occlusion is used to reduce blood loss during liver resection surgery. There is considerable controversy regarding whether vascular occlusion should be used or not during elective liver resections. The method of vascular occlusion employed is als
- Methotrexate for induction of remission in refractory Crohn's disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Nov-2008
Although corticosteroids are effective for induction of remission of Crohn's disease, approximately 20% of patients who respond relapse when steroids are withdrawn and become steroid dependent (Binder 1985). Furthermore, corticosteroids exhibit significan
