Showing 201-220 of 415 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Perinatal and infant 
- Intravenous immunoglobulin for preventing infection in preterm and/or low birth weight infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Apr-2010
Nosocomial infections continue to be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among preterm and/or low birth weight infants. Preterm infants are deficient in IgG and, therefore, administration of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) may have the potent
- Intravenous immunoglobulin for suspected or subsequently proven infection in neonates
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Feb-2010
Infections are important causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Maternal transport of immunoglobulins to the fetus mainly occurs after 32 weeks gestation and endogenous synthesis begins several months after birth. The administration of intravenous im
- Intravenous in-line filters for preventing morbidity and mortality in neonates
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Jul-2011
Venous access is an essential part of caring for the sick neonate; however, problems such as contamination of fluids with bacteria, endotoxins and particulates have been associated with intravenous infusion therapy. Intravenous in-line filters claim to be
- Intravenous or enteral loop diuretics for preterm infants with (or developing) chronic lung disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Aug-2011
Lung disease in preterm infants is often complicated with lung edema.
- Intraventricular streptokinase after intraventricular hemorrhage in newborn infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Jun-2008
Hydrocephalus following intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is still one of the most serious complications of premature birth. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery cannot be carried out early and permanent dependence on a shunt is associated with several seri
- Iodine supplementation for the prevention of mortality and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Sep-2008
Parenteral nutrition solutions, formula milks, and human breast milk contain insufficient iodine to meet recommended intakes for preterm infants. Iodine deficiency may exacerbate transient hypothyroxinaemia in preterm infants and this may be associated wi
- Kangaroo mother care to reduce morbidity and mortality in low birthweight infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Feb-2011
Kangaroo mother care (KMC), originally defined as skin-to-skin contact between a mother and her newborn, frequent and exclusive or nearly exclusive breastfeeding, and early discharge from hospital, has been proposed as an alternative to conventional neona
- Kinesthetic stimulation for preventing apnea in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Nov-2009
Recurrent apnea is common in preterm infants, particularly at very early gestational ages. These episodes of loss of effective breathing can lead to hypoxemia and bradycardia, which may be severe enough to require resuscitation including use of positive p
- Kinesthetic stimulation for treating apnea in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Nov-2009
Recurrent apnea is common in preterm infants particularly at very early gestational ages. These episodes of loss of effective breathing can lead to hypoxemia and bradycardia, which may be severe enough to require resuscitation including use of positive pr
- Kinesthetic stimulation versus methylxanthine for apnea in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Nov-2009
Apnea of prematurity may lead to hypoxemia and bradycardia requiring resuscitative measures being instituted. Many treatments have been used in infants with apnea of prematurity including methylxanthines. Physical stimulation is often used to restart brea
- Lactase treated feeds to promote growth and feeding tolerance in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Nov-2008
Successful transition from parenteral nutrition to full enteral feedings during the immediate neonatal period is associated with improved growth in preterm infants. Lactase is the last of the major intestinal disaccharidases to develop in preterm infants.
- Lactational amenorrhea for family planning
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Aug-2008
Fifty percent of pregnancies are unwanted. For several reasons, eg difficulty in obtaining contraceptives, no or ineffective contraception is used to prevent these pregnancies. The lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) is a contraceptive method where the mo
- Laryngeal mask airway surfactant administration for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Jun-2011
Laryngeal mask airway (LMA) administration is one way of delivering surfactant to the infant lung, with the potential benefit of avoiding endotracheal intubation and ventilation, ventilator induced lung injury and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).
- Laryngeal mask airway versus bag-mask ventilation or endotracheal intubation for neonatal resuscitation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Nov-2008
Providing effective positive pressure ventilation is the single most important component of successful neonatal resuscitation. Ventilation is frequently initiated with a manual resuscitation bag and face-mask (BMV) followed by endotracheal intubation (ETT
- Late (>7 days) postnatal corticosteroids for chronic lung disease in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Nov-2008
Many preterm infants who survive go on to develop chronic lung disease (CLD). This is true in infants who have had respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and in infants without RDS. This is probably due to persistence of inflammation in the lung. Corticoster
- Late erythropoietin for preventing red blood cell transfusion in preterm and/or low birth weight infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Mar-2010
Low plasma levels of erythropoietin (EPO) in preterm infants provide a rationale for the use of EPO to prevent or treat anemia.
- Lidocaine-prilocaine cream for analgesia during circumcision in newborn boys
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Oct-2008
Neonates routinely undergo tissue-damaging interventions as part of medical treatment. The skin is the site of noxious stimulation for many procedures, including circumcision. EMLA (eutectic mixture of local anesthetics) penetrates intact skin and has the
- Light-emitting diode phototherapy for unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia in neonates
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Nov-2011
Phototherapy is the mainstay of treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia. The commonly used light sources for providing phototherapy are special blue fluorescent tubes, compact fluorescent tubes and halogen spotlights. However, light emitting diodes (LED
- Long versus short inspiratory times in neonates receiving mechanical ventilation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Nov-2008
When intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) was introduced in newborn infants with hypoxic respiratory failure from hyaline membrane disease (HMD), mortality was high and air leaks problematic. This barotrauma was caused by the high peak inspir
- Longchain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in infants born at term
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Nov-2011
The n-3 and n-6 fatty acids linolenic acid and linoleic acid are precursors of the n-3 and n-6 long chain fatty acids (LCPUFA). Infant formula has historically only contained the precursor fatty acids. Over the last few years, some manufacturers have adde
